Cell Wall Inhibitors

Question 1

What enzyme do penicillins inhibit?

Answer 1

Transpeptidase (PBP)

Question 2

Who invented penicillin?

Answer 2

Alex Fleming: discovered it
Chain & florey: helped isolate it and use it as a drug

Question 3

Can penicillin G penetrate BBB?

Answer 3

Only in cases of meningitis

Question 4

What is benzathie benzyl penicillin used for?

Answer 4

Rheumatic fever prophylaxis

Question 5

What is procaine benzyl penicillin used for?

Answer 5

It’s an alteration on penicillin G with 2 additions;
1) Local anesthesia as needles were painful at the time
2) Increase half life

Question 6

Chemical name of penicillin v

Answer 6

Phenoxy-methyl penicillin

Question 7

Indication of pneumococcus ?

Answer 7

Whitish area (fluid) on X-ray

Question 8

Indication of streptococcus Pyogenes?

Answer 8

Pus in tonsils (strep throat)

Question 9

Give the names of the 4 bacteria penicillin used to work on

Answer 9

Strep. Pyogenes & Pneumonia
Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
Neisseria gonorrhea

Question 10

Food interferes with absorption of which penicillin types?

Answer 10

B-lactamase resistant (methicillin)
& Ampicillin

Question 11

What gram + bacteria could cause sinusitis ?

Answer 11

Strep. Pyogenes & Pneumoniae

Question 12

Routes of administration of Aminopenicillins

Answer 12

Amoxicillin = oral
A(m)picillin = Oral or IM
Ampicillin + sulbactam = IV or IM

Question 13

What is Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid called and what dose of each Abx do we use?

Answer 13

Augmentin or Co-amoxiclav
500 amoxic + 125 clav

Question 14

Route of administration of piperacillin

Answer 14

IV & IM

Question 15

What 2 tests should we perform before giving an antibiotic to a patient ?

Answer 15

Skin test & AST

Question 16

How safe is penicillin for pregnant women?

Answer 16

Category B (safe)

Question 17

How do we treat C.difficile superinfection?

Answer 17

Vancomycin or Metronidazole

Question 18

What do we use for endocarditis prophylaxis in patients with prosthetic valve undergoing surgery?

Answer 18

Aminopenicillins

Question 19

Who invented cephalosporins

Answer 19

Giuseppe brotzu

Question 20

What 2 factors change as cephalosporins progress in generations ?

Answer 20

Bacterial susceptibility
B-lactamase resistance

Question 21

Route of administration of cefixime ?

Answer 21

Oral

Question 22

Route of administration of cephazolin?

Answer 22

IV

Question 23

Route of administration of Cephalexin

Answer 23

Oral

Question 24

Which cephalosporin generation works the same as penicillin G?

Answer 24

1

Question 25

Which generation has the longest half life among cephalosporins ?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

How do antibiotics cause kernicterus ?

Answer 26

The antibiotic binds to albumin with more affinity than bilirubin which leads to bilirubin accumulation in brain as it can cross the BBB

Question 27

Rout of administration of cefepime ?

Answer 27

IV & IM

Question 28

What suicide inhibitor do we give with aztreonam?

Answer 28

None; it’s resistant to B-lactamse

Question 29

Routes of administration of Monobactam

Answer 29

IV & inhaled

Question 30

Route of administration Carbapenem

Answer 30

IV & IM

Question 31

Why is cilastatin added to carbapenems

Answer 31

It inhibits the function of dehydropeptidase which metabolizes Imipenem into a nephrotoxic metabolite

Question 32

Route of administration of Vancomycin?

Answer 32

IV (oral for PMC)

Question 33

Route of administration of Bacitracin

Answer 33

Topical