Cell Wall Inhibitors Flashcards
What enzyme do penicillins inhibit?
Transpeptidase (PBP)
Who invented penicillin?
Alex Fleming: discovered it
Chain & florey: helped isolate it and use it as a drug
Can penicillin G penetrate BBB?
Only in cases of meningitis
What is benzathie benzyl penicillin used for?
Rheumatic fever prophylaxis
What is procaine benzyl penicillin used for?
It’s an alteration on penicillin G with 2 additions;
1) Local anesthesia as needles were painful at the time
2) Increase half life
Chemical name of penicillin v
Phenoxy-methyl penicillin
Indication of pneumococcus ?
Whitish area (fluid) on X-ray
Indication of streptococcus Pyogenes?
Pus in tonsils (strep throat)
Give the names of the 4 bacteria penicillin used to work on
Strep. Pyogenes & Pneumonia
Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
Neisseria gonorrhea
Food interferes with absorption of which penicillin types?
B-lactamase resistant (methicillin)
& Ampicillin
What gram + bacteria could cause sinusitis ?
Strep. Pyogenes & Pneumoniae
Routes of administration of Aminopenicillins
Amoxicillin = oral
A(m)picillin = Oral or IM
Ampicillin + sulbactam = IV or IM
What is Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid called and what dose of each Abx do we use?
Augmentin or Co-amoxiclav
500 amoxic + 125 clav
Route of administration of piperacillin
IV & IM
What 2 tests should we perform before giving an antibiotic to a patient ?
Skin test & AST
How safe is penicillin for pregnant women?
Category B (safe)
How do we treat C.difficile superinfection?
Vancomycin or Metronidazole
What do we use for endocarditis prophylaxis in patients with prosthetic valve undergoing surgery?
Aminopenicillins
Who invented cephalosporins
Giuseppe brotzu
What 2 factors change as cephalosporins progress in generations ?
Bacterial susceptibility
B-lactamase resistance
Route of administration of cefixime ?
Oral
Route of administration of cephazolin?
IV
Route of administration of Cephalexin
Oral
Which cephalosporin generation works the same as penicillin G?
1
Which generation has the longest half life among cephalosporins ?
3
How do antibiotics cause kernicterus ?
The antibiotic binds to albumin with more affinity than bilirubin which leads to bilirubin accumulation in brain as it can cross the BBB
Rout of administration of cefepime ?
IV & IM
What suicide inhibitor do we give with aztreonam?
None; it’s resistant to B-lactamse
Routes of administration of Monobactam
IV & inhaled
Route of administration Carbapenem
IV & IM
Why is cilastatin added to carbapenems
It inhibits the function of dehydropeptidase which metabolizes Imipenem into a nephrotoxic metabolite
Route of administration of Vancomycin?
IV (oral for PMC)
Route of administration of Bacitracin
Topical
