Cell Ultrastructure Flashcards
1
Q
Eukaryotic organism example’s
A
Animal and plants cells.
2
Q
Prokaryotic organism example
A
Bacteria
3
Q
What do plant cells have that animals cells do not?
A
- A Cell wall.
- A vacuole
- Chloroplasts.
4
Q
Plasma membrane
A
- Consists of phospholipids which form a bilayer.
- Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
5
Q
Cell Wall
A
- Rigid structure made of cellulose that surrounds plant cells.
- Provides support to the plant cell.
6
Q
Nucleus
A
- Surrounded by a nuclear envelope, which contains pores.
- Contains chromatin and the nucleolus.
- Controls the activity of the cell.
7
Q
Lysosome.
A
- Contains digestive enzymes which can be used to digest invading cells.
8
Q
Ribosome
A
- Found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the RER.
- Site of Protein synthesis
9
Q
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
A
- A system of membranes with a Surface covered with ribosomes.
- Folds and processes proteins.
10
Q
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
A
- System of membranes but no ribosomes on the surface.
- Site of lipid synthesis.
11
Q
Vesicle
A
- Transports substances in and out of the cell and between organelles.
- Formed at Golgi apparatus, ER or at the plasma membrane
12
Q
Golgi Apparatus
A
- A group of flattened sacs (provides larger surface area).
- Processes and packaged new proteins.
- Makes lysosomes.
13
Q
Mitochondrion
A
- Double membrane (inner one folded to form Cristae.
- Inside is the matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration.
- Process ATP/site of aerobic respiration.
14
Q
Chloroplast
A
- Surrounded by a double membrane.
- Thylakoids membranes inside, which are stacked up to form grana.
- Site of photosynthesis.
15
Q
Centriole
A
- Small, hollow cylinders made of microtubules.
- Involved in the separation of chromosomes during cell division.
16
Q
Cilia
A
- Ring of 9 pairs of proteins microtubules with 2 microtubules in the middle (9-2 formation).
- Move’s substances along the cell surface e.g mucus. (Allowed by microtubules)
17
Q
Flagellum
A
- Stick out from the plasma membrane.
- Microtubules contract to allow the flagellum to move.
- Flagellum help propel cells forward.
18
Q
Cytoskeleton structure
A
- Protein threads running through the cell
- Microfilaments (Very thin protein strands).
- Microtubules (tiny protein cylinders).
19
Q
Cytoskeleton function
A
- Helps the cell maintain shape.
- allows movement of vesicles.
- Allows movement of MRNA.
- Holds the organelles in position.
20
Q
Protein production
A
- Proteins are produced on the ribosomes
- Proteins which are produced on the surface on RER are folded and processed in the
RER - The proteins are then transported from the RER to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles
- They are then modified in the Golgi apparatus
- Golgi apparatus packages proteins into vesicles to be transported around the cells
where they’re required. - Some of the proteins such as extracellular enzymes leave the cell by exocytosis.
21
Q
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic features
A
- Small cells vs Larger cells.
- Circular DNA vs Liner DNA.
- No nucleus vs Nucleus present.
- Cell wall made of polysaccharide vs cell wall made of cellulose (plant) or chitin (fungi).
