Cell Types in Gastric Glands

Question 1

Mucus/neck cells

Answer 1

Predominant cell in pyloric and cardiac glands
Low columnar/cuboidal cells w/flattened/crescent-shaped nucleus
in fundic gland, found only in neck of gland
cytoplasm more basophilic than surface epithelial cells

Question 2

Gastric surface mucous cells

Answer 2

columnar - in a sheet covering luminal surface
basal nuclei not flattened
secret mucins
secrete HCO3 –> neutralizes H+ before it can diffuse thru

Question 3

Parietal cells

Answer 3

primarily in fundic glands
large, pyramidal, acidophilic
many mitochondria
have intracellular canaliculus w/microvilli (^SA for secretion)
inactive cells - internalize membranes of mvilli to form tubulovesicular membranes
produce stomach acidity by pumping H+ and Cl- into lumen
secrete intrinsic factor

Question 4

Chief/zymogen/peptic cells

Answer 4

most numerous cell type in fundic gland
columnar w/pale basophilic staining basal cytoplasm
cell apices filled w/zymogen granules w/pepsinogen and gastric lipase
EM structure is of a typical protein secreting cell
secrete rennin in young animals
fixation may leach out zymogen - cells appear empty/foamy

Question 5

enteroendocrine

Answer 5

part of APUD system
sparsely thruout stomach and intestine
contain basal granules (may be lost in fixation)
occur singly
adjacent to basal lamina
apex may not reach gland lumen
secretions important for coordination/control of GI fnctn
cell may secrete more than 1 type of hormone

APUD cells secrete into interstitium - hmones diffuse to bl. vssls or nearby target cells - part of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system
cells located singly thruout gastic/intestinal epith

more than 30 cells have been ID’d

Eg’s: argentaffin cells (serotonin), pancreatic a-cells (glucagon) & B-cells (insulin) & D cells (somatostatin)

Question 6

Undifferentiated cells

Answer 6

cuboidal
in neck region
give rise to all cells of the gastric gland

Question 7

mucous cells of glands

Answer 7

low columnar
flattened/crescent shaped basal nuclei
secrete acidic glycoproteins
prodominant cell in cardiac/pyloric glands
in fundic gland region, mucous neck

Question 8

goblet cells

Answer 8

occur singly/in small clusters thruout intestine
narrow base, flared apex
flattened basal nuclei
also in respiratory system and some large ducts