Cell Transportation and Relationships Flashcards
The dissolution or degeneration of cells.
Cytolysis
The diffusion of water through a membrane or porous partitions.
Osmosis
The process of moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane is an active transport process involving the hydrolysis of ATP to provide the necessary energy.
Sodium Potassium Pump
When the concentration of a solution is higher when compared to another solution.
Hypertonic
The condition existing when a chemical reaction and its reverse reaction proceed at equal rates.
Equilibrium
The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.
Active Transport
A membrane-enveloped cellular organelle, found in many microorganisms, that periodically expands, filling with water, and then contracts, expelling its contents to the cell exterior: thought to be important in maintaining hydrostatic equilibrium.
Contractile Vacuole
The ingestion of a smaller cell or cell fragment, a microorganism, or foreign particles by means of the local infolding of a cell’s membrane and the protrusion of its cytoplasm around the fold until the material has been surrounded and engulfed by closure of the membrane and formation of a vacuole: characteristic of amebas and some types of white blood cells (cell eating).
Phagocytosis
The process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area of higher concentration of particles to an area of lower concentration of particles: the areas normally being separated by a membrane.
Concentration Gradient
Contraction of the protoplasm in a living cell when water is removed by exosmosis.
Plasmolysis
Any cell, as a macrophage, that ingests and destroys foreign particles, bacteria, and cell debris.
Phagocyte
The transport of fluid into a cell by means of local infoldings by the cell membrane so that a tiny vesicle or sac forms around each droplet, which is then taken into the interior of the cytoplasm (cell drinking).
Pinocytosis
Proteins found in the cell membrane: create tiny openings in the membrane that only allow specific ions to pass through.
Ion Channel
When the concentration of a solution is lower when compared to another solution.
Hypotonic
The process by which molecules/particles move from a more crowded area to a less crowded area.
Diffusion
The transport of material out of a cell by means of a sac or vesicle that first engulfs the material and then is extruded through an opening in the cell membrane.
Exocytosis
A small bladderlike cavity, especially one filled with fluid.
Vesicle
A process by which substances are transported across cell membranes by means of protein carrier molecules.
Facilitated Diffusion
When two solutions have that same concentration.
Isotonic
The pressure exerted on a plant cell wall by water passing into the cell by osmosis (also called hydrostatic pressure).
Turgor Pressure
The transport of solid matter or liquid into a cell by means of a coated vacuole or vesicle.
Endocytosis
Are involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane.
Carrier Protein
Movement of biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input.
Passive Transport
