Cell Transportation and Relationships

Question 1

The dissolution or degeneration of cells.

Answer 1

Cytolysis

Question 2

The diffusion of water through a membrane or porous partitions.

Answer 2

Osmosis

Question 3

The process of moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane is an active transport process involving the hydrolysis of ATP to provide the necessary energy.

Answer 3

Sodium Potassium Pump

Question 4

When the concentration of a solution is higher when compared to another solution.

Answer 4

Hypertonic

Question 5

The condition existing when a chemical reaction and its reverse reaction proceed at equal rates.

Answer 5

Equilibrium

Question 6

The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

Answer 6

Active Transport

Question 7

A membrane-enveloped cellular organelle, found in many microorganisms, that periodically expands, filling with water, and then contracts, expelling its contents to the cell exterior: thought to be important in maintaining hydrostatic equilibrium.

Answer 7

Contractile Vacuole

Question 8

The ingestion of a smaller cell or cell fragment, a microorganism, or foreign particles by means of the local infolding of a cell’s membrane and the protrusion of its cytoplasm around the fold until the material has been surrounded and engulfed by closure of the membrane and formation of a vacuole: characteristic of amebas and some types of white blood cells (cell eating).

Answer 8

Phagocytosis

Question 9

The process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas from an area of higher concentration of particles to an area of lower concentration of particles: the areas normally being separated by a membrane.

Answer 9

Concentration Gradient

Question 10

Contraction of the protoplasm in a living cell when water is removed by exosmosis.

Answer 10

Plasmolysis

Question 11

Any cell, as a macrophage, that ingests and destroys foreign particles, bacteria, and cell debris.

Answer 11

Phagocyte

Question 12

The transport of fluid into a cell by means of local infoldings by the cell membrane so that a tiny vesicle or sac forms around each droplet, which is then taken into the interior of the cytoplasm (cell drinking).

Answer 12

Pinocytosis

Question 13

Proteins found in the cell membrane: create tiny openings in the membrane that only allow specific ions to pass through.

Answer 13

Ion Channel

Question 14

When the concentration of a solution is lower when compared to another solution.

Answer 14

Hypotonic

Question 15

The process by which molecules/particles move from a more crowded area to a less crowded area.

Answer 15

Diffusion

Question 16

The transport of material out of a cell by means of a sac or vesicle that first engulfs the material and then is extruded through an opening in the cell membrane.

Answer 16

Exocytosis

Question 17

A small bladderlike cavity, especially one filled with fluid.

Answer 17

Vesicle

Question 18

A process by which substances are transported across cell membranes by means of protein carrier molecules.

Answer 18

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 19

When two solutions have that same concentration.

Answer 19

Isotonic

Question 20

The pressure exerted on a plant cell wall by water passing into the cell by osmosis (also called hydrostatic pressure).

Answer 20

Turgor Pressure

Question 21

The transport of solid matter or liquid into a cell by means of a coated vacuole or vesicle.

Answer 21

Endocytosis

Question 22

Are involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane.

Answer 22

Carrier Protein

Question 23

Movement of biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input.

Answer 23

Passive Transport