Biochemistry

Question 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid: an extremely long macromolecule that is the main component of chromosomes and is the material that transfers genetic characteristics in all life forms.

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

Any of a group of molecules that, when linked together, form the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Answer 2

Nucleotide

Question 3

The building blocks from which proteins are constructed: any of a class of organic compounds that contains at least one amino acid group.

Answer 3

Amino Acid

Question 4

Highly varied organic molecules constituting a large portion of the mass of every life form and necessary in the diet of all animals and other non-photosynthesizing organisms.

Answer 4

Protein

Question 5

A molecule of low molecular weight capable of reacting with identical or different molecules of low molecular weight to form a polymer.

Answer 5

Monomer

Question 6

A compound of high molecular weight derived either by the addition of many smaller molecules or by the condensation of many smaller molecules.

Answer 6

Polymer

Question 7

A carbohydrate that does not hydrolyze, as glucose, fructose, or ribose, occurring naturally or obtained by the hydrolysis of glycosides or polysaccharides.

Answer 7

Monosaccharide

Question 8

Any of a class of organic reactions in which two molecules combine,usually in the presence of a catalyst, with elimination of water or some other simple molecule.

Answer 8

Condensation Reaction

Question 9

A compound displaying isomerism with one or more other compounds.

Answer 9

Isomer

Question 10

A very large molecule, as a colloidal particle, protein, or especially a polymer composed of hundreds or thousands of atoms.

Answer 10

Macromolecule

Question 11

Any of a group of fatty compounds composed of phosphoric esters and occurring in living cells.

Answer 11

Phospholipid

Question 12

The group of atoms in a compound that determines the chemical behavior of the compound.

Answer 12

Functional Group

Question 13

ATP: an ester (a compound produced by a reaction between an acid and an alcohol) of adenosine and triphosphate formed especially aerobically by the reaction of ADP and an orthophosphate during oxidation.

Answer 13

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 14

The material or substance on which an enzyme acts.

Answer 14

Substrate

Question 15

A peptide containing many amino acids, typically between 10 and 100.

Answer 15

Polypeptide

Question 16

The breaking down of a chemical compound into two or more simpler compounds by reacting with water.

Answer 16

Hydrolysis

Question 17

The formation of a chemical compound through the combination of simpler compounds or elements.

Answer 17

Synthesis

Question 18

The process of losing or removing water or moisture.

Answer 18

Dehydration

Question 19

Any of a large class of organic compounds having as a basis 17 carbon atoms arranged in four rings fused together.

Answer 19

Steroid

Question 20

A part of an enzyme that interacts with the substrate during catalysis.

Answer 20

Active Site

Question 21

Any of various solids, usually yellow substances that melt or soften easily when heated; they are similar to fats, but are less greasy and more brittle.

Answer 21

Wax

Question 22

Any of a group of organic compounds that are greasy to touch, insoluble in water, and soluble in alcohol and ether.

Answer 22

Lipid

Question 23

Any of various proteins originating from living cells and capable of producing certain chemical changes in organic substances by catalytic action.

Answer 23

Enzyme

Question 24

Ribonucleic acid: any of a class of single-stranded molecules transcribed from DNA in the cell’s nucleus or in the mitochondrion or chloroplasts.

Answer 24

RNA

Question 25

A carbohydrate containing more than 3 monosaccharide units per molecule.

Answer 25

Polysaccharide

Question 26

Any of a group of carbohydrates that yield monosaccharides on hydrolysis.

Answer 26

Disaccharide

Question 27

Any of a large class of organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually with twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbon or oxygen atoms.

Answer 27

Carbohydrate

Question 28

Any of a group of long, linear macromolecules, either DNA or various types of RNA, that carry genetic information directing all cellular functions: composed of linked nucleotides.

Answer 28

Nucleic Acid

Question 29

A covalent bond formed by joining the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another, with the removal of a molecule of water.

Answer 29

Peptide Bond