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Science > Cell Transport > Flashcards

Cell Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell Transport

A

Moving stuff into and out of cells

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2
Q

How many types of cell transport

A

2

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3
Q

Passive Transport:

A

No energy required

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4
Q

Active Transport:

A

Energy Required

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5
Q

In passive trans, substances move across cell membrane…

A

With concentration gradient

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6
Q

In active trans, substances move across cell membrane…

A

Against the concentration gradient

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7
Q

In passive, substances move from…

A

High to low

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8
Q

In active, substances move from…

A

low to high

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9
Q

Active is used to help move what?

A

Very large molecules that will not fit through the membrane or the transport proteins.

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10
Q

Passive trans is also known as…

A

diffusion

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11
Q

In order for molecules to diffuse…

A

a concentration gradient must exist

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12
Q

Concentration gradient:

A

Difference of concentrations between two regions (must exist in order for molecule to flow)

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13
Q

In passive the substances move from high to low because

A

it is spread out & it has to fit the volume it is in

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14
Q

Brownian movement:

A

the random movement of particles

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15
Q

in brownian movement, molecules are able to…

A

naturally diffuse

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16
Q

In brownian movement particles suspended in a gas or a liquid…

A

are bombarded by fast moving atoms or molecules

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17
Q

Equilibrium:

A

the state in which the concentrations on both sides of the semipermeable membrane are the same

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18
Q

Once equilibrium is reached, diffusion…

A

decreases. the net rate is zero.

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19
Q

semipermeable lets how much pass through?

A

some because it is like a net

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20
Q

How many types of passive transport:

A

3 - simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

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21
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide simply diffuse through semipermeable mem without any aid of transport proteins.

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22
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

the transport of polar substances or ions such as ions, salts, potassium in and out a semipermeable membrane that require transport proteins.

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23
Q

Osmosis

A

the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane

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24
Q

Simple diffusion is passive or active?

A

passive

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25
Q

In simple diffusion, substances that are nonpolar & have no charge can…

A

simply diffuse through the membrane

26
Q

Facilitated diffusion is passive or active?

A

passive

27
Q

In facilitated diffusion, molecules can only fit through if…

A

they can fit through and if they cannot they cant

28
Q

In facilitated transport, proteins are needed to…

A

assist ions & polar molecules because the inner portion of the cell is nonpolar & will stop any polar molecules trying to pass through.

29
Q

Types of transport proteins in facilitated diffusion:

A

channel proteins and carrier proteins

30
Q

Channel Proteins:

A

Simple tunnels/gates that molecules can use to enter or exit the cell

31
Q

Carrier Proteins:

A

Proteins that change their shape after interacting with a specific molecule in order to let it pass through.

32
Q

Ion channels:

A

Special channels used in passive transport

33
Q

Ion channels allow ions…

A

in & out of the cell mem with the concentration gradient (high to low)

34
Q

Example of ions:

A

Na+, K+, Cl-

35
Q

Large molecules need what to pass trough membranes?

A

Channels

36
Q

Osmosis:

A

Diffusion of water (high to low concentrations across semipermeable mem)

37
Q

Solutes:

A

Salt & water

38
Q

In normal osmosis, what is the direction of water?

A

towards the hypertonic side

39
Q

Hypertonic:

A

Concentration of water inside the cell is higher than concentration outside cell.

40
Q

In hypertonic solution, water diffuses from

A

high to low

41
Q

In hypertonic solution, water leaves or enter cell?

A

leaves cell

42
Q

Hypotonic:

A

Concentration of water inside cell is lower than concentration outside cell

43
Q

In hypotonic solution, water diffuses from

A

high to low

44
Q

In hypotonic solution,

A

water enters cell

45
Q

Isotonic

A

Water concentration stays equal inside & outside cell

46
Q

In isotonic solution, water…

A

enters & leaves cell at equal rates

47
Q

In isotonic movement, what is the net rate?

A

there is no net rate

48
Q

Examples of Active Transport

A

Endocytosis, Exocytosis, Sodium - Potassium Pump

49
Q

Endocytosis

A

A process in which cells surround & engulf substances that are too big to enter cell. Cell uses its own mem to engulf the substance into vesicle & bring it in.

50
Q

Exocytosis

A

When cell forms a vesicle around unwanted particles & expels it out the cell

50
Q

Sodium Potassium Pump

A

A specialized protein that pumps 3 sodium ions (Na+) out of cell for every 2 potassium ions (K+) that are moved into cell

51
Q

Sodium potassium pump moves sodium & potassium…

A

against the concentration gradient (low to high)

52
Q

Too much sodium causes cells to?

A

malfunction

53
Q

Cell mem:

A

Regulates what enters & leaves the cell, provides protection & support for cell, communicates with other cells.

54
Q

Polar:

A

likes water, head of phospholipid

55
Q

non polar:

A

hates water, tails of phospholipid

56
Q

Phospholipid:

A

lipid & phosphate group attached

57
Q

Proteins in plasma membrane

A

Transport proteins, marker proteins, receptor proteins

58
Q

Transport proteins

A

responsible for moving materials in & out of cell. can be used in active and passive

59
Q

Marker proteins

A

Name tags that identify the cell

60
Q

Receptor Proteins

A

allow the cell to interact & communicate with other cells by picking up signals from other cells

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