cell theory, structure and function Flashcards
What is the Cell Theory and why is it important to modern biology?
- All living things are made of cells
- cells are the basic units of structure and functions in living things
- All cells come from pre existing cells through cell division
- important to modern biology because it allows us to understand how organisms are created, grow, and die. helps us understand how life is created, why organisms take the form they do, how cancer spreads, how diseases can be managed and so on
What is a cell?
a highly organized membran-bound compartment capable of independant reproduction
Contrast Prokaryotic versus Eukaryotic cells.
- both have cell membrane, dna, ribosomes, and cytoplasm
- eukaryotes have membrane bound nucleaus, prokarotes do not
- prokaryotes (0.1-5 micrommeetr) are much smaller than eukaryotes (10-100 micrometer)
- prokaryotes replicate more often and have increased surface area
- eukaryotes undergo cell division more often to increase surface area
- eukaryotes have specialized cells that preform special functions; ex. mitochonria, smooth and rough er, golgi apperatus, lysosome, perioxisomes, nucleaus, nucleoulus, lamins
How can Eukaryotic cells be so large?
- compartmentalization of cytoplasmic organelles allows effiecncy
- undergo cell division with allows for increased size while still maintaining increases surface area to volume ratio
What is endocytosis and why is vesicle trafficking important to cell function and life?
- endocytosis is a type of active transport tht moves substances, including fluids and particles into a cell
- vesicle traffiking plays an important role in intercellular communications, it is fundamental process to maintain the homeostasis of a membrane bound organelles in eukaryotes. can help transport materials that an organism needs to survive and recycle waste materials
Why do different cell types have different amounts of organelles, e.g. mitochondria, peroxisomes
cells have different jobs. for example muscle tissue in the heart may need more mitochonrida to ATP because heart muscles always need to to be moving. ex. liver cells have abundance of perioxsomes because the liver removes drugs, chemicals, and toxins from the body and neutralizes them. perioxisomes are enters for oxidation
briefly describe spontaneous generation theory
non iving materials can continuously give rise to living organisms. for example, rotting meat would turn into maggots
describe one experiment that discarded the spontaneous generation hypothesis and the name of the scientist that performed it
- francesco reid
- 3 containers, all will rotting meat insie. One had no lid, one was covered with a gauze covering, and one with a cork sealed lid. The open container has maggots, but so did they gause-covered one. The cork sealed one had no maggots. therefore the rotting meat did not generate maggots, flies were simily attracted to the rotting meet, accounting for the gauze covered container also have maggots.
misma
noxious (bad) air spontaneosuly produced by putrefying (decaying) carcasses, refuse, rotting foods, and vegetation
why should we care bout cell theory
- classify organisms
- help give insight into disease
- helps us better undertsnad ourselevs (cells are building blocks of life0
- if we understand ourseleves, we can increase quality of life for ourselve
louie pastuer experiment
- developed germ theory and disproved spontaneous generation theory
- germ theory states that invisible microorganisms attracted by the air spoil things
- milk experiment
had a flask which had a curve to prevent the outside air from entering the flask. no contaimination occurs. if neck of flask is broken off, bacteria can reach the sterile milk and organism growth occurs
robert hooke
- developed compund microscope
-observed plants, things in nature - coained the term cell
van leeuwekhoek
- leeuwenhoek microscope
- looked at water samples, spermsamples, and could see things you couldnt see with the naked eye
- had a theory to disprove spontanous generation
what consitiues a livinf thing
all living things are made of cells
schlediden
discovered all plant tissues have cells and the embryonic cells come from a simgle cell
