Cell Theory: introduction Flashcards
Cell Theory Organelle (names/functions) Animal systems Animal Tissue Types Iierarchy of Structure (Plants&Animals)
Why do plant cells have chloroplasts?
Answer: Chloroplasts absorb light energy for photosynthesis, which produces glucose and oxygen.
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
Answer: The ER transports materials like proteins throughout the cell. It also helps produce hormones in the brain and contributes to muscle contraction.
What is cytoplasm made of?
Answer: Mostly water, with other substances stored in it. It allows movement of organelles and is where chemical reactions occur.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Answer: The mitochondria generate energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Answer: The nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.
Explain the difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell.
Answers:
Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and include simple organisms like bacteria.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and contain organelles, making up more complex organisms like plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
How does the vacuole in a plant cell contribute to the plant’s structure?
Answer: The vacuole stores water and maintains turgor pressure, which keeps the plant’s stem and leaves upright.
What is the primary function of the Golgi bodies in a cell?
Answer: The Golgi bodies collect, process, and package materials for removal from the cell. They also produce and secrete mucus.
Which statement is NOT part of the cell theory?
a) All living things are made of one or more cells.
b) Cells arise from non-living matter.
c) The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out life processes.
d) All cells come from other cells.
Answer: B) Cells arise from non-living matter.
Why do muscle cells contain more mitochondria than fat cells?
Answer: Muscle cells are more active and require more energy, so they have more mitochondria to produce ATP through cellular respiration.
What are the three main ideas of the cell theory?
Answer:
- All living things are made up of one or more cells.
- The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out life processes.
- All cells come from other cells.
Which of the following is found only in plant cells?
a) Mitochondria
b) Golgi bodies
c) Chloroplasts
d) Cytoplasm
Answer: c) Chloroplasts
Which structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Nucleus
c) Cell membrane
d) Golgi bodies
Answer: c) Cell membrane
Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Golgi Bodies
d) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer: b) Mitochondria
- What distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell?
a) Presence of a nucleus
b) Ability to reproduce
c) Lack of organelles
d) Smaller size
Answer: a) Presence of a nucleus
What is the purpose of the Cell membrane
A semipermeable membrane that is double-layered for cells, that is used to allow certain substances into the cell, like oxygen and water molecules, and keep out larger molecules, like proteins.
What is the primary function of the cytoplasm in a cell?
A) To store genetic material
B) To regulate what enters and exits the cell
C) To provide a medium for chemical reactions and organelle movement
D) To produce proteins
Answer: C) To provide a medium for chemical reactions and organelle movement
Which statement best describes the function of the cell membrane?
A) It stores genetic information
B) It allows selective substances to enter and exit the cell
C) It produces energy for the cell
D) It is responsible for cellular respiration
Answer: B) It allows selective substances to enter and exit the cell
Which of the following organelles contains genetic information in the form of DNA?
A) Mitochondria
B) Golgi Bodies
C) Nucleus
D) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer: C) Nucleus
Why do muscle cells have more mitochondria than fat cells?
A) Muscle cells require more energy due to higher activity levels
B) Mitochondria help store fat
C) Fat cells perform more cellular respiration than muscle cells
D) Mitochondria are only found in muscle cells
Answer: A) Muscle cells require more energy due to higher activity levels
What is the primary function of the Golgi bodies?
A) To produce energy for the cell
B) To transport materials within the cell
C) To collect and process materials for removal and produce mucus
D) To protect the cell from physical injury
Answer: C) To collect and process materials for removal and produce mucus
Which of the following statements about vacuoles is false?
A) Animal cells have many small vacuoles
B) Plant cells have a single large vacuole
C) Vacuoles help remove unwanted substances
D) Vacuoles are only found in plant cells
Answer: D) Vacuoles are only found in plant cells
What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in muscle cells?
A) To store oxygen
B) To contract muscles
C) To help with muscle contraction
D) To absorb light energy
Answer: C) To help with muscle contraction
Which of the following organelles is found only in plant cells?
A) Mitochondria
B) Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Chloroplasts
D) Golgi Bodies
C) Chloroplasts
What structure provides support and protection to plant cells and is made of cellulose?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Cell Membrane
C) Cell Wall
D) Chloroplasts
Answer: C) Cell Wall
Which of the following is NOT a function of a vacuole?
A) Storing substances
B) Producing energy
C) Maintaining turgor pressure
D) Removing unwanted substances
Answer: B) Producing energy
What is the function of mitochondria in the cell?
Answer: Mitochondria convert glucose into usable energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.
What is the main function of chloroplasts, and where are they found in the plant?
Answer: Chloroplasts absorb light energy for photosynthesis, converting water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. They are found in parts of the plant exposed to light, such as leaves.
Why is the cell membrane described as semipermeable?
Answer: It allows certain substances, like oxygen and water molecules, to enter while blocking larger molecules, like proteins.
How do Golgi bodies contribute to mucus production?
Answer: Golgi bodies collect and process materials, making and secreting mucus. Cells that produce a lot of mucus, like intestinal lining cells, have many Golgi bodies.
What happens to a plant cell’s vacuole when the plant does not have enough water?
Answer: The vacuole loses turgor pressure, causing the plant’s stem and leaves to become limp and droopy.
How does the endoplasmic reticulum function differently in the brain and muscles?
Answer: In the brain, the ER helps produce and release hormones; in the muscles, it plays a role in muscle contraction.
What are the two main purposes of the cell wall in plant cells?
Answer: The cell wall provides structural support and protection from physical injury.
What is the main role of the nucleus in a cell?
Answer: The nucleus contains DNA, which provides genetic instructions that guide cell activity.
Describe the role of mitochondria in active cells like muscle cells.
Answer: Mitochondria provide energy through cellular respiration. Muscle cells tend to have more mitochondria than other cells like fat cells because they need more energy for movement and activity.
What type of organelle do the cells that secrete muscus on the inner lining of the intersines have many of?
The cells that line the inside of the intestines have many Golgi Bodies because they produce and secrete mucus.
What are all the organelles in animal cells? type all 12 down
- Cell membrane
- Nucleolus
- Chromatin (DNA)
- Nucleus
- Ribosome
- Mitochondrion
- Lysosome
- Cytoplasm
- Centriole
- Vesicle
- Golgi Apparatus (Body)
- Endoplasmic reticulum
What hierarchy of structure do animal systems follow?
The hierarchy is made to follow “organelles -> cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> the organism level”.
What is tissue made up of?
Tissue is a collection of similar cells that perform a particular but limited function, such as the heart muscle tissue.
What is the organ tier?
Organs are a combination of tissues that work together to perform a complex body function, like the heart.
What is the Organ system tier?
Organ systems are systems of one or more organs that work together to carry out a major and vital body function, like digestion (digestive system) and transporting resources through the blood (circulatory system).
What is he organism level?
A combination of organ systems that carry out all of the core functions required to allow a living organism to avoid extinction, like reproduction, feeding, moving, and breathing.
Is each of these levels of hierarchical organization dependent on the one before and after it?
Yes
Ex. A deer’s circulatory system delivers nutrients and oxygen through the heart, which pumps blood via arteries and veins. The heart contains muscle tissue for contraction and nerve tissue to regulate its rhythm.
What are organ systems?
Made of highly specialized organs and other structures that cooperate to perform the system’s overall function.
For example, the digestive system is made up of many organs like the liver, pancreas, stomach, and small and large intestines.
Additionally the same organs can be used in multiple organ systems, like the pancreas in both the digestive and endocrine organ systems.
What is the organelle tier?
The organelle tier is made up of specialized parts of eukaryotic cells that carry out specific functions necessary for life.
How do organelles contribute to the organism as a whole?
Each organelle has its purpose and function, and through collaboration with the other organelles, they meet the needs of the cell and organism as a whole.
What is the hierarchy of structure in Animals & Plants from least complex to most complex?
Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ systems
What is the difference between a plant cell and an animal cell?
Plant cells have rigid structures, whereas animal cells can take on many different shapes.
Plant cells have large vacuoles, chloroplasts, and cell walls, whereas animal cells do not.
Animal cells have lysosomes, whereas plant cells do not.
Label parts of the animal cell.
https://www.purposegames.com/game/the-animal-cell-quiz
Label parts of the Plant cell.
https://www.purposegames.com/game/plant-cell-organelles-labeling-interactive-game
