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Biology > Cell Theory > Flashcards

Cell Theory Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the Cell Theory

A

1) Cells are the basic unit of life
2) All living things are made of cells
3) Cells come from pre-existing cells

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2
Q

What was Robert Brown’s contribution to the cell theory?

A

discovered most cells had a central structure, called it the nucleus.

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3
Q

What did Robert Hooke do?

A

used a simple microscope to observe cork and coined the term ‘cells’.

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4
Q

What did Schleiden and Schwann do?

A

concluded that both animals and plants contained cells

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5
Q

What did Virchow do?

A

proved that cells are the smallest unit of life, and all came from pre-existing cells

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6
Q

What are organelles?

A

‘little organ’. specialised functions in a cell

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7
Q

What does Prokaryote mean? Give example

A

They do not contain organelles, singled celled organism (eg. bacteria)

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8
Q

What is an Eukaryote mean? Give example

A

Contains organelles, multi-cellular organism (eg. animals, plants)

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9
Q

What does the organelle Mitochondria do?

A

Regulates cell cycle, and used in respiration. Produces ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate)

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10
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Contains the DNA for the cell, control centre

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11
Q

What does the nucleolus do?

A

Found in middle of nucleus, ribosome synthesis

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12
Q

What are the Golgi bodies?

A

They are the storage, packaging & dispatch area for molecules.

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13
Q

What is the Vacuole?

A

Membrane bound compartment, holds water and dissolved ions. For plants it is larger and used for structuring the plant.

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14
Q

What is Chloroplast?

A

Found only in plants, used in photosynthesis. Plastids with green pigment.

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15
Q

What are Lysosomes?

A

Is a vesicle (transport) containing enzymes that break down proteins, carbohydrates and lipids

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16
Q

What is the ER?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum, network of membranes connected to the nucleus. Transports materials, provides cellular reactions.

17
Q

Compare and contrast SER and RER.

A

SER: Smooth ER, lipid synthesis
RER: Rough ER, stores and creates proteins (includes ribosomes)

18
Q

What is/does the cell membrane do?

A

Is a selectively permeable membrane, used to separate external from internal cellular environment, Made of a hydrophobic phospholipid bi-layer.

19
Q

The Cell Wall?

A

Occurs only in plants, protects the cell and consists of cellulose.

20
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Maybe connected to RER, synthesises proteins out of amino acids.

Biology (9 decks)

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