Cell Theory Flashcards
What is the Cell Theory
1) Cells are the basic unit of life
2) All living things are made of cells
3) Cells come from pre-existing cells
What was Robert Brown’s contribution to the cell theory?
discovered most cells had a central structure, called it the nucleus.
What did Robert Hooke do?
used a simple microscope to observe cork and coined the term ‘cells’.
What did Schleiden and Schwann do?
concluded that both animals and plants contained cells
What did Virchow do?
proved that cells are the smallest unit of life, and all came from pre-existing cells
What are organelles?
‘little organ’. specialised functions in a cell
What does Prokaryote mean? Give example
They do not contain organelles, singled celled organism (eg. bacteria)
What is an Eukaryote mean? Give example
Contains organelles, multi-cellular organism (eg. animals, plants)
What does the organelle Mitochondria do?
Regulates cell cycle, and used in respiration. Produces ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate)
What is the nucleus?
Contains the DNA for the cell, control centre
What does the nucleolus do?
Found in middle of nucleus, ribosome synthesis
What are the Golgi bodies?
They are the storage, packaging & dispatch area for molecules.
What is the Vacuole?
Membrane bound compartment, holds water and dissolved ions. For plants it is larger and used for structuring the plant.
What is Chloroplast?
Found only in plants, used in photosynthesis. Plastids with green pigment.
What are Lysosomes?
Is a vesicle (transport) containing enzymes that break down proteins, carbohydrates and lipids
What is the ER?
Endoplasmic Reticulum, network of membranes connected to the nucleus. Transports materials, provides cellular reactions.
Compare and contrast SER and RER.
SER: Smooth ER, lipid synthesis
RER: Rough ER, stores and creates proteins (includes ribosomes)
What is/does the cell membrane do?
Is a selectively permeable membrane, used to separate external from internal cellular environment, Made of a hydrophobic phospholipid bi-layer.
The Cell Wall?
Occurs only in plants, protects the cell and consists of cellulose.
What are ribosomes?
Maybe connected to RER, synthesises proteins out of amino acids.
