Cell Test Review Guide Flashcards
- difference between unicellular & multicellular organisms;
an example of each
A unicellular organism is made of one cell, while a multicellular organism is made of two or more. Examples:
Unicellular=amoeba
Multicellular=bear
- 3 statements that make up The Cell Theory
- All living things are composed of cells.
- Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
- All cells are produced from other cells.
- How specialized cells share a division of labor; what types
of organisms they are found in.
A division of labor occurs among specialized cells in an organism. It also occurs at other levels of organization. They are found in multicellular organisms.
- 5 levels of organization in the human body & definitions of
each of the levels.
Cell: The basic structure and function of organisms.
Tissue: A group of similar cells that work together to perform a certain function.
Organ: A group of certain tissues that function together.
Organ System: A group of organs that work together to perform a major function.
Organism: A living thing.
- difference between an element and a compound
Element: One pure substance, is made of only one type of atom.
Compound: A substance that is made out of certain elements mixed in a certain ratio.
- functions of the 4 organic compounds found in cells
Carbohydrates: They are broken down to give your cells energy.
Lipids: Cells store lipids for later use.
Proteins: Much of a cell’s structure depends on proteins.
Nucleic Acids: They contain the instructions cells need to carry out all the functions of life.
- differences between organic and inorganic compounds
Organic compounds contain carbon, inorganic compounds do not.
- the necessary inorganic compound that cells need to survive
Water is the inorganic compound cells need to survive.
- importance of water in cells
Water triggers important chemical reactions in cells.
- the differences between plant and animal cells
Only plant cells contain chloroplasts and cell walls, and only animal cells contain lysosomes.
- function of cell wall
It is a rigid layer that supports and protects the cells.
- function of ribosomes
They produce proteins.
- function of nucleus
It is the control center of the cell.
- function of mitochondria
Mitochondria convert energy stored in food, to energy the cell can use to live and function.
- all of the organelles that help move materials in a cell
Cytoplasm and the Endoplasmic Reticulum help transport organelles around the cell.
- characteristics of living things
Living things are made of cells, obtain and use energy, reproduce, grow and develop, respond to their surroundings, and must be able to move internally or externally, contain genetic material.
- the four needs of living things
- Stable internal conditions
- Food
- Water
- Living Space
- differences between autotrophs & heterotrophs
Autotrophs: Produce their own food.
Heterotrophs: Eat other organisms for food.
- differences between sexual ; asexual reproduction.
Sexual Reproduction: Involves 2 parents, and produces an offspring not identical to both.
Asexual Reproduction: Involves 1 parent, and produces an offspring identical to the parent.
- structure of DNA & RNA
DNA: Is a double helix( a twisted ladder), and its sides are alternating deoxyribose and phosphate, and its “rungs” are nitrogen bases.
RNA: Is a single strand, and it’s sides are alternating ribose and phosphate, and it’s rung is nitrogen bases.
- Function of DNA and RNA
DNA: gives genetic material, produces RNA
Ran: goes out of cell and tells ribosomes to make certain proteins.
- how the nitrogen bases pair up in a DNA molecule
Cytosine and Guanine
Adenine and Thymine
- function of a gene
Genes contain information for 1 protein molecule.
- 3 steps in DNA replication
- Two halves of a DNA molecule unwind and separate.
- Each half connects with another half of nitrogen bases(a strand).
- A new DNA molecule is formed.
- how genetic information is organized in cells with a nucleus
(how a cell, the nucleus, chromosomes, genes, ; DNA are
related)
Chromosomes are inside the nucleus.
Genes are inside chromosomes.
DNA is inside genes.
