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Cell Test Flashcards

1
Q

The 3 principles of cell theory

A

*all living cells are composed of one or more cells
*a cell is the basic unit of life
*all cells come from pre-existing cells

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2
Q

The differences and similarities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic - no nucleus, bacteria, single-celled
Eukaryotic - yes nucleus, single or multi-celled

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3
Q

List the structures that distinguish plant cells from animal cells

A

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplast while animal cells do not

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4
Q

Describe the function of cell membrane

A

Acts as a barrier for the cell

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5
Q

Describe the function of the cytoskeleton

A

Gives the cell shape
Provides structural support

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6
Q

Describe the function of cytoplasm

A

Hold everything in place

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7
Q

Describe the function of the nucleus

A

Protects the DNA

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8
Q

Describe the function of nucleolus

A

Makes RNA which makes up ribosomes

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8
Q

Describe the function of ribosomes

A

Makes proteins

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9
Q

Describe the function of the smooth and rough ER

A

Rough: makes proteins and packages them
Smooth: makes lipids

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10
Q

Describe the function of the vesicle

A

Storage for water, nutrients, waste, ect.

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11
Q

Describe the function of centrioles

A

Helps cell divide by pulling chromosomes apart

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12
Q

Describe the function of cilia

A

Move fluid across cell’s surface

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13
Q

Describe the function of flagella

A

Move entire cell throughout fluid

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14
Q

Describe the function of the mitochondria

A

Breaks down food to release energy as ATP

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15
Q

Describe the function of chloroplast

A

Converts energy from the sun

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16
Q

Describe the function of the cell wall

A

Protect and maintains shape

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17
Q

The role of lipids

A

Stores energy

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17
Q

The role of proteins

A

A structure and used for an energy source

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18
Q

The role of carbohydrates

A

Primary source of energy

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19
Q

3 reasons the ribosomes are the most essential organelle in the cell

A

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells need ribosomes. Every living cell needs proteins and ribosomes make them.

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20
Q

Differentiate between positive and negative feedback loops

A

A positive loop amplifies a change in the system

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21
Q

Explain the role of the cell membrane in maintaining homeostasis on a cellular level

A

Acting as a permeable barrier controlling what goes in and out of the cell

22
Q

Differentiate between passive and active transport

23
Q

Describe the 6 types of transport

24
Q

Hypotonic solution

25
Q

Isotonic solution

26
Q

Hypertonic solution

27
Q

Summarize the order of events from egg and sperm to embryo

28
Q

Explain the difference between specialized cells and stem cells

29
Q

List the levels of organization from cell to organism that result from differentiation

30
Q

List the two main purposes from cell division

31
Q

Describe all phases of the cell cycle -interphase, ect in order

32
Q

Differentiate between cytokinesis in plants and animal cells

33
Q

Summarize how cells know when they need to divide

34
Q

Explain the key roles of checkpoints and apoptosis in the regulation of the cell cycle

35
Q

Define tumor and differentiate between the two types

38
Q

Prophase

A

Nuclear membrane disappears

39
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

40
Q

Anaphase

A

Chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell

41
Q

Telophase

A

Spindle fibers break down and cytokinesis begins

42
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The division of the cytoplasm into 2 individual cells

43
Q

2 purposes of the cell cycle

A

Growth + Repair

44
Q

Solute

A

What gets dissolved

45
Q

Solvent

A

Does the dissolving

46
Q

Solution

A

Uniform mixture of two or more substances like lemonade

47
Q

Hypertonic

A

Water is lower than the cell’s cytoplasm

48
Q

Hypotonic

A

Water is higher than the cell’s cytoplasm

49
Q

Isotonic

A

Identical water to cell’s cytoplasm - cell stays the same

50
Q

Type of transports

A

Facilitated
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Osmosis
Diffusion
Molecule pump

51
Q

Facilitated

A

*Passive
*glucose/O2
*Regulates blood sugar

52
Q

Osmosis

A

*Passive
*water only
*controlling blood pressure by regulating blood volume

53
Q

Diffusion

A

*Passive
*O2 and CO2
*oxygen or cells

54
Q

Homeostasis

A

Need of an organism to stay stable by regulating internal conditions

World History (9 decks)

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