Cell Test

Question 1

The 3 principles of cell theory

Answer 1

*all living cells are composed of one or more cells
*a cell is the basic unit of life
*all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 2

The differences and similarities of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

Prokaryotic - no nucleus, bacteria, single-celled
Eukaryotic - yes nucleus, single or multi-celled

Question 3

List the structures that distinguish plant cells from animal cells

Answer 3

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplast while animal cells do not

Question 4

Describe the function of cell membrane

Answer 4

Acts as a barrier for the cell

Question 5

Describe the function of the cytoskeleton

Answer 5

Gives the cell shape
Provides structural support

Question 6

Describe the function of cytoplasm

Answer 6

Hold everything in place

Question 7

Describe the function of the nucleus

Answer 7

Protects the DNA

Question 8

Describe the function of nucleolus

Answer 8

Makes RNA which makes up ribosomes

Question 8

Describe the function of ribosomes

Answer 8

Makes proteins

Question 9

Describe the function of the smooth and rough ER

Answer 9

Rough: makes proteins and packages them
Smooth: makes lipids

Question 10

Describe the function of the vesicle

Answer 10

Storage for water, nutrients, waste, ect.

Question 11

Describe the function of centrioles

Answer 11

Helps cell divide by pulling chromosomes apart

Question 12

Describe the function of cilia

Answer 12

Move fluid across cell’s surface

Question 13

Describe the function of flagella

Answer 13

Move entire cell throughout fluid

Question 14

Describe the function of the mitochondria

Answer 14

Breaks down food to release energy as ATP

Question 15

Describe the function of chloroplast

Answer 15

Converts energy from the sun

Question 16

Describe the function of the cell wall

Answer 16

Protect and maintains shape

Question 17

The role of lipids

Answer 17

Stores energy

Question 17

The role of proteins

Answer 17

A structure and used for an energy source

Question 18

The role of carbohydrates

Answer 18

Primary source of energy

Question 19

3 reasons the ribosomes are the most essential organelle in the cell

Answer 19

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells need ribosomes. Every living cell needs proteins and ribosomes make them.

Question 20

Differentiate between positive and negative feedback loops

Answer 20

A positive loop amplifies a change in the system

Question 21

Explain the role of the cell membrane in maintaining homeostasis on a cellular level

Answer 21

Acting as a permeable barrier controlling what goes in and out of the cell

Question 22

Differentiate between passive and active transport

Question 23

Describe the 6 types of transport

Question 24

Hypotonic solution

Question 25

Isotonic solution

Question 26

Hypertonic solution

Question 27

Summarize the order of events from egg and sperm to embryo

Question 28

Explain the difference between specialized cells and stem cells

Question 29

List the levels of organization from cell to organism that result from differentiation

Question 30

List the two main purposes from cell division

Question 31

Describe all phases of the cell cycle -interphase, ect in order

Question 32

Differentiate between cytokinesis in plants and animal cells

Question 33

Summarize how cells know when they need to divide

Question 34

Explain the key roles of checkpoints and apoptosis in the regulation of the cell cycle

Question 35

Define tumor and differentiate between the two types

Question 38

Prophase

Answer 38

Nuclear membrane disappears

Question 39

Metaphase

Answer 39

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 40

Anaphase

Answer 40

Chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell

Question 41

Telophase

Answer 41

Spindle fibers break down and cytokinesis begins

Question 42

Cytokinesis

Answer 42

The division of the cytoplasm into 2 individual cells

Question 43

2 purposes of the cell cycle

Answer 43

Growth + Repair

Question 44

Solute

Answer 44

What gets dissolved

Question 45

Solvent

Answer 45

Does the dissolving

Question 46

Solution

Answer 46

Uniform mixture of two or more substances like lemonade

Question 47

Hypertonic

Answer 47

Water is lower than the cell’s cytoplasm

Question 48

Hypotonic

Answer 48

Water is higher than the cell’s cytoplasm

Question 49

Isotonic

Answer 49

Identical water to cell’s cytoplasm - cell stays the same

Question 50

Type of transports

Answer 50

Facilitated Exocytosis Endocytosis Osmosis Diffusion Molecule pump

Question 51

Facilitated

Answer 51

*Passive *glucose/O2 *Regulates blood sugar

Question 52

Osmosis

Answer 52

*Passive *water only *controlling blood pressure by regulating blood volume

Question 53

Diffusion

Answer 53

*Passive *O2 and CO2 *oxygen or cells

Question 54

Homeostasis

Answer 54

Need of an organism to stay stable by regulating internal conditions