Cell structures I don't know that aren't on other flash cards

Question 1

Structure of Mitochondria

Answer 1

Spherical rod shaped
Surrounded by two membranes, cisternae (inner membrane)
Fluid filled space between membranes- matrix

Question 2

Function of Mitochondria

Answer 2

Site of ATP construction during aerobic respiration

Question 3

Chloroplast function

Answer 3

Grana (1st stage of photosyn, when light energy trapped by chlorophyll, used to make ATP)
Stroma (2nd stage when hydrogen reduces co2 using energy from ATP)

Question 4

Structure of Nucleus

Answer 4

• Chromatin (genetic material consisting of DNA wrapped around proteins) condensed and coiled when cell is dividing and extended when not dividing
  -Nuclear pores so ribosomes can pass through
  -In some regions, inner and outer membrane fuse so dissolved substances and ribosomes can pass through

Question 5

Cilia and Undulopia function

Answer 5

Cilia contains receptors and allows cell to detect signals about its environment
Undulipodium only in sperm (for human) cells- kind of like flagella

Question 6

Cytoskeleton

Answer 6

Network of protein structures within the cytoplasm, consist of rod like microfilaments made of subunits of protein
Has motor proteins that are also enzymes which have site that binds to and allows hydrolysis of ATP energy

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

Bundles of cellulose fibres

Question 8

Function of cytoskeleton

Answer 8

• provide support and shape
• anchors the cell in one place or allows it to move
• positions cell structures
  -moves cell structures from one side of the cell to another

Question 9

3 different fibres in cytoskeleton

Answer 9

Micro tubules for transport
Microfilaments for structure and movement
Intermediate filaments for position

Question 10

What are tubulin dimers

Answer 10

Dimers which form long chains of alpha or beta tubulin

Question 11

Microtubule

Answer 11

Can grow or shrink by adding dimers for transporting of materials in cytoplasm

Question 12

How many tubulin chains make up 1 microtubule

Answer 12

13 chains

Question 13

cilia structure

Answer 13

ring of 9 pairs of microtubules and one in middle, allowing cilia to move

Question 14

flagella structure

Answer 14

Like cilia but longer, microtubules contract allowing flagellum to move like motors to propel forwards

Question 15

Features of all prokaryotes

Answer 15

• no nucleus
• only contain genes needed for organism (no junk genes)
• have circular (nucleoid DNA)
• divide by binary fission
• peptidogylycan cell wall

Question 16

features of some prokaryotes

Answer 16

• plasmids
• waxy capsule
• flagella
• pili

Question 17

function of pili

Answer 17

adhere to other cells and transfer plasmids to neighbouring cells

Question 18

function of cell membraines

Answer 18

• keeping all cellular components inside cell
• allow selected molecules in and out of cell
• isolating organelles from the rest of the cytoplasm (compartmentalise)
  -site for biochemical reactions
  -allow cell to change shape

Question 19

One of the main components of the cell membraine

Answer 19

phospholipid

Question 20

structure of a phospholipid in a cell membraine

Answer 20

head- polar and hydrophilic
fatty acid chains of tail- non polar and hydrophobic

Question 21

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 21

-provides large surface area for protein synthesis and glycoprotien
-provide pathway for transport of materials especially proteins, through the cell

Question 22

cell wall

Answer 22

-provide mechanical strength to prevent cell bursting under pressure of osmotic entry of water
-give mechanical strength as whole
-allow water to pass along it and contribute to movement of H20 in plant

Question 23

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 23

-synthesise, store and transport lipids and carbohydrates

Question 24

lysosomes

Answer 24

-hydrolise material injested by phagocytic cells
-release enzymes to outside cell in order to destroy material around cell
-destroy warn out organelles so chemicals can be reused
-completely break down cell after death (apoptosis)

Question 25

gogli apparatus

Answer 25

-add carb and protein to make glycoprotein
-produce secretory enzymes
-secrete carbohydrates
-transport, modify and store lipids
-form lysosomes

Question 26

nucleus

Answer 26

-controls cell through production of mRNA and tRNA
-store genetic material
-manufacture ribosomal rna and ribosomes

Question 27

vacuole

Answer 27

-support herbacous plant by making cells turgid
-food store
-colour petals

Question 28

structure of lysosomes

Answer 28

-contain protease, lipaze, lysozymes
-sphere shaped sac of membrane

Question 29

structure of ribosomes

Answer 29

-2 subunits

Question 30

structure of SER

Answer 30

-lacks ribosomes
-has tubules
-has lumen
-phospholipid membrane

Question 31

structure of golgi apparatus

Answer 31

-stack of membranes that make up flattened sacks (cisternae)
-lumen
-golgi vesicles which transport protein and lipid

Question 32

chloroplast structure

Answer 32

-double membrane
-own ribosomes and DNA
-stroma
-granum/ grana
-thylakoid

Question 33

structure of RER

Answer 33

-either end has transport membrane (vesicle)
-has ribosomes
-flattened sacs surround by membrane (cisternae)

Question 34

structure of vacuole

Answer 34

-fluid filled sac
-tonoplast= membrane around vacuole