Cell Structures And Organelles Flashcards
Briefly describe the function of the cell wall?
It’s a thick cellulose wall giving strength and rigidity to the cell. Doesn’t control the movement of substances.
Briefly describe the function of the cell membrane?
Allows substances from outside the cell to be absorbed and cell products may be released.
Briefly describe the function of the cytoplasm
This the site of translation, carrying out sent instruction from nucleus contains enzymes for glycolysis and structural materials I.e. Sugar.
Briefly describe the function of the nucleus.
Contains DNA in chromosomes; regulate metabolism and reproduction in cells.
Briefly describe the function of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Greatly expanded area for biochemical reactions occurring on membrane surface. Maybe smooth or maybe scattered across its surface rough.
Briefly describe the function of the Mitochondria.
It’s described as the “power house”. Energy produce through respiration and ATP.
Briefly describe the function of the chloroplasts.
Only in plants, contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis. Contains plastids are structures for storage of starch, pigment and other cellular products.
Describe the Golgi apparatus.
Or Golgi body is the site where cellular secretion is produced. Found with smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Define the term cell organelle.
The structures inside a cell. Each organelle has a specific function.
Describe the role of centrioles in cell division.
It forms poles and spindles for cell division, moving the chromosomes apart during mitosis and meiosis. Capable of self- replication.
Name two organelles without membranes surrounding them?
Ribosomes and centrioles
Discuss the function and structure of ribosomes.
Tiny organelles. Some are free in cytoplasm others bound to ER. Each consist of two subunits.
It’s the site where protein synthesis occurs. Act as assembly line where coded info (mRNA) from nucleus is used to assembly protein from amino acids.
Discuss the structure of centrioles
These are small tubes of protein fibre (microtubules). A pair of them can be found near the bulrushes in animal cells or/and cell of some protoctists.
Describe the function of lysosomes.
They contain powerful digestive enzymes. They break down material.
Give two examples where lysosomes are used in SPECIALISED CELLS.
White blood cells: help to break down invading micro organisms.
Sperm cells: the lysosome is called acrosome in the head of sperm to penetrate the egg by breaking down surrounding material.
