Cell Structures and Functions

Question 1

Basic and fundamental unit of life

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

4 Functions of the Cell

Answer 2

Cell Energy and Metabolism Use
Synthesis of New Molecules
Communication
Reproduction and Inheritance

Question 3

regulates the
passage of substances
Encloses the cytoplasm and forms
the boundary between material
inside the cell and material outside it

Answer 3

Cell Membrane

Question 4

substances outside of the cell are ____

Answer 4

Extracellular Substances

Question 5

substances inside of the cell are ____

Answer 5

Intracellular substances

Question 6

4 Components of the Cell Membrane Structure

Answer 6

1. Phospholipids
2. Cholesterol
3. Carbohydrates
4. Proteins

Question 7

Lipid made of glycerol, two fatty acid tails, and a
phosphate-linked head group.

Answer 7

Phospholipids

Question 8

_____ is arranged in a lipid bilayer that provides a ________
barrier to regulate the passage of substances into and out
of the cell.

Answer 8

Phospholipids
semi-permeable

Question 9

Amphipathic in nature

Answer 9

Phospholipids

Question 10

Polar head region is _____ while nonpolar tail region is _____$

Answer 10

hydrophilic
hydrophobic

Question 11

Forms distinctive cellular markers that allow cells
to recognize each other.
found in the extracellular side attached to proteins or lipids

Answer 11

Carbohydrates

Question 12

Gives added strength and stability by limiting the amount of
movement of the phospholipids.

Answer 12

Cholesterol

Question 13

Cholesterol increases fluidity at _____ temperature

Answer 13

low

Question 14

Cholesterol ____ fluidity at high temperature

Answer 14

reduces

Question 15

“Floats” among phospholipid molecules
sometimes
extend from the inner to the outer surface of the cell
membrane

Answer 15

Protein

Question 16

2 Main Types of Protein associated with the cell membrane

Answer 16

Integral Proteins
Peripheral Proteins

Question 17

span the
entire plasma membrane
found in all types of biological
membranes

Answer 17

Transmembrane Proteins

Question 18

proteins that are permanently attached to the
membrane from only one side.

Answer 18

Integral Membrane Protein

Question 19

Not embedded in the lipid bilayer
associated with the
membrane surface, either on the extracellular or intracellular side.
often attached to integral
proteins or interact with the lipid head groups.

Answer 19

Peripheral Membrane Proteins

Question 20

4 Functions of Membrane Protein

Answer 20

1. Membrane Channel and Carrier Molecules
2. Receptor Molecules
3. Enzymes
4. Structural support

Question 21

involved with the
movement of substances through the cell membrane

Answer 21

Membrane channels and carrier molecules

Question 22

part of an intercellular communication system
that enables cell recognition and communication of the activities of
the cell

Answer 22

Receptor molecules

Question 23

Model that shows the arrangement of molecules in the cell membrane

Answer 23

Fluid Mosaic Model

Question 24

It is selectively permeable.

Answer 24

Cell Membrane

Question 25

Substances that are found at a higher concentration intracellularly

Answer 25

enzymes, glycogen, K+

Question 26

Substances that are found at a higher concentration extracellularly

Answer 26

Na+, Ca2+, Cl-

Question 27

Molecules that are lipid-soluble pass easily through the

Answer 27

phospholipid bilayer

Question 28

Water-soluble substances can diffuse across the cell membrane only by passing through

Answer 28

Cell membrane channels

Question 29

2 Cell Membrane Channels

Answer 29

Leak Channels Gated Channels

Question 30

Constantly allow ions to pass through

Answer 30

Leak channels

Question 31

Limits the movement of ions across the membrane by opening and closing

Answer 31

Gated channels

Question 32

Membrane transport that does not require the cell to expend energy.

Answer 32

Passive Membrane Transport

Question 33

Passive membrane transport mechanisms include:

Answer 33

Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis

Question 34

Membrane transport that does require the cell to expend energy, usually in the form of ATP

Answer 34

Active membrane transport

Question 35

Active membrane transport mechanisms include:

Answer 35

Active transport Secondary active transport Endocytosis Exocytosis

Question 36

A process resulting from random motion of molecules by which there is a net flow of matter from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Answer 36

Diffusion

Question 37

gradual change in the concentration of solutes in a solvent between sides of a membrane

Answer 37

Concentration Gradient

Question 38

diffusion of water (a solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration

Answer 38

Osmosis

Question 39

force required to prevent movement of water across cell membrane.

Answer 39

Osmotic Pressure

Question 40

low osmotic pressure, cell swells, less solute and more water

Answer 40

Hypotonic

Question 41

Equal osmotic pressure The cell will neither shrink nor swell. Same solute concentrations inside and outside the cell.

Answer 41

Isotonic

Question 42

High osmotic pressure, cells shrink, more solute less water

Answer 42

Hypertonic

Question 43

a transport process that combines a chemical reaction with a diffusion process.

Answer 43

Carrier-mediated transport

Question 44

a process that moves substances across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration of that substance. ATP is not required

Answer 44

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 45

A process that moves substances across the cell membrane from regions of lower concentration to those of higher concentration against a concentration gradient requires ATP

Answer 45

Active Transport

Question 46

uses the energy provided by a concentration gradient established by the active transport of one substance, such as Na+ to transport other substances

Answer 46

Secondary Active Transport

Question 47

2 Types of Secondary Active Transport

Answer 47

Cotransport Countertransport

Question 48

diffusing substance moves in the same direction as the initial active transported substance

Answer 48

Cotransport

Question 49

diffusing substance moves in a direction opposite to that of the initial active transported substance

Answer 49

Countertransport

Question 50

a process that brings materials into cells using vesicles

Answer 50

Endocytosis

Question 51

3 Types of Endocytosis Mechanisms

Answer 51

Receptor-mediated endocytosis Phagocytosis Pinocytosis

Question 52

occurs when a specific substance binds to the receptor molecule and is transported into the cell

Answer 52

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 53

used for endocytosis when solid particles are ingested

Answer 53

Phagocytosis