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ANAPHY > Cell Structures and Functions > Flashcards

Cell Structures and Functions Flashcards

1
Q

Basic and fundamental unit of life

A

Cell

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2
Q

4 Functions of the Cell

A

Cell Energy and Metabolism Use
Synthesis of New Molecules
Communication
Reproduction and Inheritance

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3
Q

regulates the
passage of substances
Encloses the cytoplasm and forms
the boundary between material
inside the cell and material outside it

A

Cell Membrane

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4
Q

substances outside of the cell are ____

A

Extracellular Substances

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5
Q

substances inside of the cell are ____

A

Intracellular substances

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6
Q

4 Components of the Cell Membrane Structure

A
  1. Phospholipids
  2. Cholesterol
  3. Carbohydrates
  4. Proteins
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7
Q

Lipid made of glycerol, two fatty acid tails, and a
phosphate-linked head group.

A

Phospholipids

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8
Q

_____ is arranged in a lipid bilayer that provides a ________
barrier to regulate the passage of substances into and out
of the cell.

A

Phospholipids
semi-permeable

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9
Q

Amphipathic in nature

A

Phospholipids

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10
Q

Polar head region is _____ while nonpolar tail region is _____$

A

hydrophilic
hydrophobic

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11
Q

Forms distinctive cellular markers that allow cells
to recognize each other.
found in the extracellular side attached to proteins or lipids

A

Carbohydrates

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12
Q

Gives added strength and stability by limiting the amount of
movement of the phospholipids.

A

Cholesterol

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13
Q

Cholesterol increases fluidity at _____ temperature

A

low

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14
Q

Cholesterol ____ fluidity at high temperature

A

reduces

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15
Q

“Floats” among phospholipid molecules
sometimes
extend from the inner to the outer surface of the cell
membrane

A

Protein

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16
Q

2 Main Types of Protein associated with the cell membrane

A

Integral Proteins
Peripheral Proteins

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17
Q

span the
entire plasma membrane
found in all types of biological
membranes

A

Transmembrane Proteins

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18
Q

proteins that are permanently attached to the
membrane from only one side.

A

Integral Membrane Protein

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19
Q

Not embedded in the lipid bilayer
associated with the
membrane surface, either on the extracellular or intracellular side.
often attached to integral
proteins or interact with the lipid head groups.

A

Peripheral Membrane Proteins

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20
Q

4 Functions of Membrane Protein

A
  1. Membrane Channel and Carrier Molecules
  2. Receptor Molecules
  3. Enzymes
  4. Structural support
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21
Q

involved with the
movement of substances through the cell membrane

A

Membrane channels and carrier molecules

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22
Q

part of an intercellular communication system
that enables cell recognition and communication of the activities of
the cell

A

Receptor molecules

23
Q

Model that shows the arrangement of molecules in the cell membrane

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

24
Q

It is selectively permeable.

A

Cell Membrane

25
Q

Substances that are found at a higher concentration intracellularly

A

enzymes, glycogen, K+

26
Q

Substances that are found at a higher concentration extracellularly

A

Na+, Ca2+, Cl-

27
Q

Molecules that are lipid-soluble pass easily through the

A

phospholipid bilayer

28
Q

Water-soluble substances can diffuse across the
cell membrane only by passing
through

A

Cell membrane channels

29
Q

2 Cell Membrane Channels

A

Leak Channels
Gated Channels

30
Q

Constantly allow ions to pass
through

A

Leak channels

31
Q

Limits the movement of ions across the
membrane by opening and closing

A

Gated channels

32
Q

Membrane transport that does not require the cell to expend
energy.

A

Passive Membrane Transport

33
Q

Passive membrane transport
mechanisms include:

A

Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis

34
Q

Membrane transport that does require the cell to expend energy,
usually in the form of ATP

A

Active membrane transport

35
Q

Active membrane transport mechanisms include:

A

Active transport
Secondary active transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis

36
Q

A process resulting from random motion of
molecules by which there is a net flow of matter
from a region of high concentration to a region
of low concentration.

A

Diffusion

37
Q

gradual change in the
concentration of solutes in a solvent between
sides of a membrane

A

Concentration Gradient

38
Q

diffusion of water (a solvent)
across a selectively permeable
membrane from a region of higher
water concentration to one of lower
water concentration

A

Osmosis

39
Q

force required to prevent
movement of water across cell
membrane.

A

Osmotic Pressure

40
Q

low osmotic pressure, cell swells, less solute and more water

A

Hypotonic

41
Q

Equal osmotic pressure
The cell will neither shrink nor swell.
Same solute
concentrations inside
and outside the cell.

A

Isotonic

42
Q

High osmotic pressure, cells shrink, more solute less water

A

Hypertonic

43
Q

a transport process that combines a chemical
reaction with a diffusion process.

A

Carrier-mediated transport

44
Q

a process that moves
substances across the cell
membrane from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower
concentration of that substance.
ATP is not required

A

Facilitated Diffusion

45
Q

A process that moves substances
across the cell membrane from
regions of lower concentration to
those of higher concentration
against a concentration gradient
requires
ATP

A

Active Transport

46
Q

uses the energy provided by a concentration gradient established by
the active transport of one substance, such as Na+ to transport other
substances

A

Secondary Active Transport

47
Q

2 Types of Secondary Active Transport

A

Cotransport
Countertransport

48
Q

diffusing substance moves in the same direction as the initial
active transported substance

A

Cotransport

49
Q

diffusing substance moves in a direction opposite to that
of the initial active transported substance

A

Countertransport

50
Q

a process that brings materials into cells
using vesicles

A

Endocytosis

51
Q

3 Types of Endocytosis Mechanisms

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis

52
Q

occurs
when a specific substance binds to the
receptor molecule and is transported into
the cell

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

53
Q

used for
endocytosis when solid particles are
ingested

A

Phagocytosis

ANAPHY (10 decks)

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