CELL STRUCTURES Flashcards
•Is the outer covering that surrounds each cell. This separates cell contents from the surrounding environment. Its main structural building blocks are phospholipids (fats) and globular protein molecules.
PLASMA MEMBRANE
•Is the center of activity of each cell or the control center of the cell, and its
destruction will cause death of the whole cell
NUCLEUS
•Is composed of a semi-liquid substance containing many minute fibrils, linins
and granules called
CHROMATIN
•It is the major site of most activities carried out by the cell.
CYTOPLASM
•Are densely staining roughly spherical bodies composed of Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and protein. They are the actual sites of protein synthesis.
RIBOSOMES
•Is a highly folded system of membranous tubules and cisterns (sacs) that extends throughout the cytoplasm.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
•Is a stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated membranous vesicles that is generally found close to the nucleus.
GOLGI APPARATUS
•Which appear in various sizes, are membrane bound sacs containing
an array of powerful digestive enzymes.
LYSOSOMES
•Like lysosomes, are enzyme-containing sacs. Particularly
abundant in kidney and liver cells, cells that are actively involved in detoxification.
PEROXISOMES
•Rod-shaped bodies with a double-membrane wall
MITOCHONDRIA
•They are rod-shaped bodies that lie at right
angles to each other.
CENTRIOLES
•Small granule in the cytoplasm lying close to the nucleus and is
concerned with cell division.
CENTROSOME
•Are fibers spreading out from the cytoplasm like branches of a tree.
PROCESSES
•Is that part of the cell membrane that includes the nucleus and the surrounding cytoplasm
CELL BODY
•Cell division in all cells other than bacteria consists of two events called
MITOSIS AND CYTOKINESIS
•Is the division of the copied DNA of the mother
cell to two daughter cells
MITOSIS
•Is the division of the cytoplasm, which begins when mitosis is nearly complete.
CYTOKINESIS
•Is the first phase of mitosis.
PROPHASE
•Each duplicated chromosomes consists of two
identical threads, called
SISTER CHROMATIDS
•Is the second phase of mitosis wherein the two centrosomes are at opposite poles of the cell.
METAPHASE
•Is the third phase and the shortest phase of mitosis that begins abruptly as the centromeres of the centrosomes split simultaneously.
ANAPHASE
•Is the final phase of mitosis that begins as soon as chromosomal movement stops.
TELOPHASE
•Begins during late anaphase and continues through and beyond telophase
CYTOKINESIS
Which is composed primarily of proteins and Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
NUCLEOLI
Are assembly sites for ribosomal particles that are particularly abundant in the cytoplasm.
NUCLEOLI
Are the metabolic machinery of the cell, and they are highly organized to carry out specific functions for the cell as a whole.
ORGANELLES
Are the metabolic machinery of the cell, and they are highly organized to carry out specific functions for the cell as a whole.
ORGANELLES
Often referred to as the “suicide sacs” of the cell.
LYSOSOMES
Ramify throughout the cytoplasm, forming an internal scaffolding
CYTOSKELETAL ELEMENTS
