cell structure prokaryotic

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

• only one molecule of DNA (a chromosome)
• supercoiled to make it more compact
• genes on the chromosome are grouped into operons
• so a number of genes are switched on or off at the same time

Question 2

ribosomes

Answer 2

• much smaller than in eukaryotic cells
• relative size is determined by the rate at which they settle in solution
• eukaryotic are 80s and prokaryotic are 70s
• both necessary for protein synthesis but 80s ribosomes form more complex proteins

Question 3

cell wall

Answer 3

• made from peptidoglycan
• which is a complex polymer formed from amino acids and sugars

Question 4

flagella

Answer 4

• thinner
• does not have the 9+2 arrangement
• energy to rotate the flagella is supplied from chemiosmosis not ATP