diseases and transmission

Question 1

ring rot

Answer 1

• bacteria
• potatoes, tomatoes, aubergines

Question 2

TMV

Answer 2

• virus
• tabacco plants and 150 other species
• damages leaves, flowers and fruit- stunting growth

Question 3

late blight

Answer 3

• protoctista
• potatoes/tomatoes
• hyphae penetrate host cells which destroys leaves and fruit

Question 4

black sigatoka

Answer 4

• fungus
• bananas
• hyphae penetrate and digest cells
• leaves turn black

Question 5

tuberculosis

Answer 5

• bacteria
• humans, cows, pigs, badgers
• mycobacterium tuberculosis
• damages lung tissue and suppresses immune system

Question 6

bacterial meningitis

Answer 6

• bacteria
• brain
• can spread to rest of the body to cause septicaemia and death
• blotchy red/purple rashes

Question 7

HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Answer 7

• virus
• targets T helper cells
• destroys immune system
• passed by exchange of bodily fluids, unprotected sex, shared needles, contaminated blood
• RNA as its genetic material
• contains enzyme reverse transcriptase
• this transcribes RNA to DNA strand in host cell which can interact with genetic material of host cell

Question 8

influenza

Answer 8

• virus
• kills ciliated epithelial cells
• deaths are from secondary infection of pneumonia on top
• flu mutates regularly

Question 9

malaria

Answer 9

• protoctista -plasmodium
• spread by anopheles mosquitoes
• reproduces inside female mosquito

Question 10

ring worm

Answer 10

• fungal
• affects cattle, dogs, cats, humans
• grey/white, crusty, infectious, circular areas of skin

Question 11

athletes foot

Answer 11

• fungal
• digests warm, moist skin between toes
• causes cracking- itchy

Question 12

factors affecting transmission of communicable diseases in animals

Answer 12

• overcrowded living and working conditions
• poor nutrition
• compromised immune system
• poor disposal of waste
• climate change
• culture and infrastructure
• lack of healthcare

Question 13

factors affecting transmission of communicable diseases in plants

Answer 13

• planting varieties of crops that are susceptible to disease
• overcrowding
• poor mineral nutrition reduces resistance of plants
• damp, warm conditions
• climate change