cell structure - organelle review Flashcards
cytoplasm
material inside of the cell including the cytosol and organelles (intracellular environment)
- high concentration of K+, low in Na+, and high concentration of soluble proteins
cytosol
liquid portion inside cell; mostly water with material dissolved in it
cytoskeletal elements
gives structures to cell, stabilizes organelles and cell position, tracks for vesicles, allows for shape change or movement of cell
microvilli
extension of PM; increases surface area of cell
- found on cells that line absorb material
cilia
extension of PM that move in coordinated sweeping motion
-allows material outside of cell to move
flagella
extension of PM that move in whipping motion
- allows cell to move
ribosomes
sites of protein synthesis
- can be free of fixed
fixed ribosomes
site of protein synthesis for proteins to be exocytosed from cell or used in PM
- attached to RER
free ribosomes
site of protein synthesis for proteins used within a cell
nucleus
contains DNA (genes), control center of cell, makes proteins (once a gene is turned on)
- largest organelle, contains nucleoli
- double membrane = nuclear envelope
- has pores in nuclear envelope to allow some things to leave or enter
nucleoli
site of ribosome production!
- in nucleus
Smooth ER
site of carb and lipid synthesis
- no ribosomes
Rough ER
site of protein synthesis (on ribosomes) which are to be released from the cell, inserted into PM or proteins within lysosomes
-ribosomes on surface
Golgi appartus
“factory” that modifies, tags and bags lipids, carbs, or proteins that were manufactured at SER and RER
- has receiving and shipping side
- shipping side uses vesicles (secretory, membrane-renewal, or lysosomes
lysosomes
contains powerful digestive enzymes to break down material within cell or material which was endocytosed
