CELL STRUCTURE (INCOMPLETE)

Question 1

Cell Theory tells us 3 things. WHICH ARE?

Answer 1

1) All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.
2) Cells are the basic structural unit of all living organisms
3) New cells are produced from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

Describe Prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

Separated into 2 domains:
1) Anrchae
2) Bacteria

• No nucleus but still contains genetic material. It has naked single circular DNA in cytoplasm or plasmid.
• 70s ribosomes
• They aren’t divided into compartments
• 0.1- 0.5 UM
• Have other structures like:
  1) Pili- Attaches to other cell surface membranes, avoids attacks from white blood cells, helps with motion.
  2) Flagellum- Helps with motion.
  3) Plasmid- Small circle of DNA
  4) Capsule- Mainly for protection

Question 3

Describe Eukaryotic cells and compartmentalisation

Answer 3

1) Separated into membrane-bound compartments called organelles.
2) Compartmentalisation allows
a) Damaging substances to be kept separate from the cell. E.g. Digestive enzymes in Lysosomes.
b) Allows optimal conditions to be maintain for certain processes like optimal PH for digestive enzymes.
c) Enzymes and substrates to be localised.
3) Eukaryotic cells have 80s ribosomes and nucleus.

Question 4

Eukaryotic cells exist in 3 kingdoms. Name them-

Answer 4

1)Plant kingdom
2)Animal kingdom
3) Fungal kingdom

Question 5

What is the Endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 5

This is where one organism lives within another. As long as, the relationship is beneficial, the engulfed organism, will not be digested. For endosymbiosis, one organism must be engulfed by another through the process of endocytosis.