Cell Structure, Function & Transport Mechanisms Flashcards
What are the three principles of cell theory?
All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
What are prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are simple cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria).
What are eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are complex cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., plant and animal cells).
What is the function of the nucleus?
The nucleus contains DNA and controls cell activities.
Why is the mitochondria called the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell?
It produces ATP through cellular respiration.
What is the role of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis by converting light energy into glucose (found in plant cells).
What do ribosomes do?
Ribosomes synthesize proteins from amino acids.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.
What is the role of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane is a semi-permeable barrier that regulates what enters and exits the cell.
What is passive transport?
The movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy (e.g., diffusion, osmosis).
What is active transport?
The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient using energy (e.g., sodium-potassium pump).
Name two structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
Cell wall and chloroplasts.
What is photosynthesis?
The process of converting light, CO₂, and water into glucose and oxygen (in chloroplasts).
What is cellular respiration?
The process of breaking down glucose to produce ATP (in mitochondria).
What is the difference between light microscopes and electron microscopes?
Light microscopes magnify up to 1,000x; electron microscopes magnify up to 1,000,000x.
