Cell Structure : Animal cell & Plant cell Flashcards
Define Cells
- Basic unit of life
- Surround by cell membrane & cytoplasm containing organelles
Define Eukaryote
An organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Define Prokaryote
An organism whose doesn’t contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.
What unit is used to measure the cell?
micrometer / nanometer
What is the length of the smallest visible structure to human eye?
50-100 micrometer
Name the common feature in animal cell and plant cell. [5]
- Cell surface membrane
- mithocondria
- cytoplasm
- nucleus
- golgi apparatus
Name the differences of animal cell and plant cell feature. [5]
1.Vacoules
2.Plasmodesma
3.Cell wall
4.Centrioles
5.Chloroplast.
Describe the structure of cell membrane. [4]
- Very thin membrane surronding all cells.
- Has 3 layers ; Inside layer (cytosol), phospholipid bilayer, Outside layer (enviroment).
- It’s partially permeable.
- Mainly made up of lipids and protiens.
State the function of cell surface membrane. [2]
- Controls the exchange of materials between the cell and its enviroment.
- Cell signalling
What is another name for cell surface membrane?
Plasma membrane
Describe the structure of the nucleus.
- Relatively large
- Contains nucleolus, chromatin, nuclear pore and nuclear envelope.
Function of nucleus.
Controls the activities of the cell and (carries genes that contain instruction to produce proteins).
Describe the structure of nucleolus.
Circle-shaped made of loops of DNA from several chromosomes found inside the nucleus
What is the function of nucleolus?
Synthesis of ribosome
What is the common amount of nucleolus found in mammals?
one to five nucleolus
Describe the structure of cytosol.
An aqueous material; fluid to jelly-like consistency
Describe the structure of cytoplasm.
Cytosol + contents of a cell (organelle) - nucleus = Cytoplasm
Describe the structure of protoplasm.
Cytoplasm + nucleus = protoplasm
Define Organelles.
functionally and structurally distinct part of a cell; ususally surround by 1 or 2 membrane.
What is the structure of nuclear envelope?
made out of 2 membrane surrounding the nucleus
What is the function of nuclear envelope?
separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and provides the structural framework of the nucleus.
What is the function of nuclear pore?
control the exchange of subtance between nucleus and cytoplasm.
Describe the structure of mithocondria.
- Contain an enzyme-rich liqiud known as matrix
- Surround by mithocondria envelope where the inner membrane is folded to fo cristae.
- contain their own DNA and ribosome
What is the function of cristae?
To increase surface area to produce more energy.
What is the function of matrix?
Where citric acid cycle takes place.
What is the function of mithocondria?
- Produce chemical energy (power house of the cell)
- Site of aerobic respiration to produce ATP.
