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Biology A & AS level chapter 1 cell structure > Bacteria and Viruses > Flashcards

Bacteria and Viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

Define bacteria.

A
  1. A group of single-celled prokaryotic microorganism that has the ability to form spores.
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2
Q

What is the structure of nucleoid in bacteria?

A

A region containing mostly DNA, along with some RNA & proteins and it is not bounded by a membrane.

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3
Q

Is bacteria a eukaryote or prokaryote?

A

Prokaryote cell

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4
Q

What is the structure of genophore/circular DNA?

A

Found in nucleoid; the bacterial “chromosome”; usually circular containing double stranded DNA & most genetic material of organism

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5
Q

What is the function of nucleoid in bacteria?

A
  1. Regulates growth
  2. Reproduction
  3. Controls bacteria’s activity
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6
Q

What is the function of genophore in bacterial cell?

A

Contains prokaryotic genetic information.

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7
Q

What is the structure of plasmid in bacteria?

A
  1. Small circular DNA containing genes in cytoplasm.
  2. Seperate from the main DNA of the cell.
  3. Not associated with protein; reffered to ‘naked’ DNA.
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8
Q

What is the function of Plasmid in bacteria?

A
  1. Plasmid contain code that is responsible for antibiotic resistance & other characteristic.
  2. Plasmid can be transferred between bacteria; from one bacterial species to another.
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9
Q

What is the function of storage granules?

A

Store nutrients including oxygen, lipids, polyphosphate,or in some cases, sulfur or nitrogen.

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10
Q

What is the structure of ribosome in bacteria?

A
  1. Small dot, granular appearance around the cytoplasm.
  2. Smaller than the ones in eukaryote cell.

Eukaryote ribosome (80S) ; Bacteria ribosome (70S)

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11
Q

What is the function of ribosome in bacteria?

A

site for messenger RNA translation into proteins or protein synthesis.

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12
Q

What is the structure of cytoplasm in bacteria?

A

internal “soup” of the cell, jelly-like fluid, mostly water ; does not contain any double membrane-bound organelles

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13
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm in bacteria?

A

Holds nucleoid, plasmid, ribosomes & storage granule and components necessary for bacterial metabolism and protec them from damage.

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14
Q

What is the stucture of capsule in bacteria?

A
  1. Outside the cell wall
  2. Made out of polysacccharide.
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15
Q

What is the structure of store granule in bacteria?

A

simple small organelles, bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane.

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16
Q

What is the function of capsule in bacteria?

A

Protect the cell and act as a barrier against phagocytosis by white blood cell which result in bacterial survival.

17
Q

What stain can be use to see the capsule in bacteria?

A

India Ink Stain

18
Q

What is the structure of cell envelope?

A

very thin made out of 2 membrane; contains Outer membrane layer, Periplasmic space layer, cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane.

19
Q

What is the function

A
20
Q

Describe the structure outer membrane.

A
  1. Can only be seen in Gram-Negative bacteria.
  2. A phospholipid bilayer that contain lipopolysaccharide.
21
Q

State the function of outer membrane.

A

Protect bacteria against harsh enviroment.

22
Q

What is LPS and it’s function?

A

lipopolysaccharide; stimulate host’s immune respone.

23
Q

What is the function of outer membrane proteins?

A

transmit enviromental signals to the cell, transport materials and act as enzymes.

24
Q

What is the structure of periplasmic space?

A

Only found in Gram-Negative bacteria; find in between the outer membrane and the cytoplasmic membrane.

The space contains the cell wall

25
Q

What is the structure of cell wall in bacteria?

A

Composed of peptidoglycan

26
Q

What is the function of cell wall in bacteria?

A

Maintains cell’s shape & can stimulate a host immune respones

In Gram-Positive, cell wall fully stains blue with crystal violet.

In Gram-Negative, Outer membrane prevents the crystal violet from stainingthe inner cell wall that make the stain.

Biology A & AS level chapter 1 cell structure (6 decks)

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