cell structure and organelles

Question 1

Function of the nucleus

Answer 1

control centre of the cell, production of mRNA and tRNA
retains genetic material of the cell in the DNA and chromosomes
manufactures ribosomal RNA and ribosomes

Question 2

function of the nuclear envelope and pores

Answer 2

Double membrane, controls entry and exit of the cell

Question 3

function of the nucleoplasm

Answer 3

granular jelly, similar to cytoplasm

Question 4

chromosomes?

Answer 4

protein bound, linear DNA

Question 5

nucleolus

Answer 5

manufactures and assembles ribosomes

Question 6

function of the mitochondria

Answer 6

To produce energy through cellular respiration.
Production of ATP

Question 7

function of the cristae

Answer 7

inner membrane folding

Question 8

function of the matrix

Answer 8

contains proteins, lipids and DNA
and ribosomes

Question 9

function of the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

synthesis modification, folding and transport of protein
smooth and rough ER

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

factory point of a cell that takes proteins and lipids to process/ modify and package them, including lysosomes
processed molecules bud off in the vesicles, either used or leave by exocytosis

Question 11

centrioles

Answer 11

accurate separation of chromosomes in cell division, creates spindle fibres

Question 12

lysosomes

Answer 12

spherical sacs containing digestive enzymes involved in the breakdown invading cells/ foreign material or worn down parts of cells

Question 13

ribosomes

Answer 13

site of protein synthesis, translates mRNA into proteins

Question 14

chloroplast

Answer 14

site of photosynthesis, grana made of thylakoids containing chlorophyll which traps light used in photosynthesis

Question 15

vacuole

Answer 15

single tonoplast fluid filled sac that contains minerals, salts, sugars, amino acids, waste and pigments
maintains cell turgidity
temporary food stores
pigments provide colouring