cell fractionation -> cells

Question 1

cell fractionation

Answer 1

where cells are broken up, ad different organelles they contain are released and separated based on their size/ mass using gravity

Question 2

what the three steps to cell fractionation?

Answer 2

homogenisation
filtration
ultracentrifugation

Question 3

what happens during homogenisation?

Answer 3

(blending), breaks up the tissue, to break open the cells and the useful organelle they contain

Question 4

what happens during filtration and why?

Answer 4

the homogenate is filtered to remove large debris

Question 5

what is centrifugation?

Answer 5

a centrifuge uses gravity to separate substances by their weight
faster spinning -> faster g force
slower speed -> larger fragments collect, smaller remain suspended in the liquid

Question 6

what are the conditions for the solution?

Answer 6

cold ~ slows metabolic processes
isotonic - same water potential as the cell, to prevent osmotic effects
buffered - same pH, so enzyme does not denature

Question 7

order of organelles collected in the centrifuge

Answer 7

Nuclei
Chloroplasts (if carrying out cell fractionation of plant tissue)
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes