Cell structure and functions Flashcards
Something that causes a reaction in an organ or cell
Stimulus
Instructions in the cell
DNA
Also called “little organs,” _____ are separated membranous compartments inside the cell
Organelles
No nucleus, no membrane bound organelle, unicellular
Prokaryotes
True nucleus with membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotes
Two types of cell
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic
The sites of protein synthesis
Ribosome
Stores material within the cell
Vacuole
Closely stacked, flattened sacs that perform photosyntesis (plants only)
Chloroplast
Gel like substance encasing the cell and giving it fluid nature
Cytoplasm
Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions
in a eukaryotic cell
Nucleus
Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color
Chloroplast
Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria
Lysosome
Small bumps located on portions of the endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Sub-organelle of nucleus that composes of RNA
Nucleolus
___________ is a double membrane lipid layer enclosing the
nucleus to protect the DNA and nucleoplasm.
Nuclear envelope
Bundles of DNA
Chromatin
Site of cellular respiration, powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
Transport the materials needed by the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Has ribosomes and in charge of manufacturing of glycoproteins
Rough ER
The absence of ribosomes makes it smooth while taking charge of the metabolism/synthesis of carbohydrates, lipid, enzymes, etc.
Smooth ER
Sorts, modifies, and packages proteins for transport out of the cell
Golgi body/Golgi apparatus
The semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell
Plasma membrane
Allowing certain substances to pass through it but not others
Semi-permeable
Larger in plants, known as tonoplast/central vacuole that can absorb water
Vacuole
Lysosome, is an organelle found only in animal cells that is responsible for
intracellular digestion with the help of _____________ stored in its
membranes that are powerful enough to break down macromolecules.
Hydrolytic enzymes
What is the main function of the Cell Wall?
To protect and provide support for the cell
The word cyto means:
Cell
Isolates the cell from outside environment
Cell membrane
_____________ pigments which, together with the action of sunlight and H2O in the process called photosynthesis, manufactures food for the entire plant.
Chlorophyll
Site of storage/distribution for manifactured plant food. Also made up of several stacks called “grana”
Thylakoid
Found in the external spaces of thylakoid, where photosyntesis occurs and carbon dioxide is converted into glucose
Stroma
Small rings of DNA that are located outside
the nucleoid.
Plasmids
Tail that helps in locomotive function of the cell
Flagella
Hair-like structure that detects and gives signal to the cell
Cilia
Framework of the cell, holds the organelles together
Cytoskeleton
Parts of prokaryotic cell
Chromosome, cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, capsule
Microfilaments form ________, the spindle
that apportions the genetic material during cell division
Centrioles
Assembles and disassembles causing cell movement
Microtubules andmicrofilaments
