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Gen Bio > Cell structure and functions > Flashcards

Cell structure and functions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Something that causes a reaction in an organ or cell

A

Stimulus

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2
Q

Instructions in the cell

A

DNA

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3
Q

Also called “little organs,” _____ are separated membranous compartments inside the cell

A

Organelles

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4
Q

No nucleus, no membrane bound organelle, unicellular

A

Prokaryotes

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5
Q

True nucleus with membrane bound organelles

A

Eukaryotes

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6
Q

Two types of cell

A

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

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7
Q

The sites of protein synthesis

A

Ribosome

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7
Q

Stores material within the cell

A

Vacuole

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8
Q

Closely stacked, flattened sacs that perform photosyntesis (plants only)

A

Chloroplast

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9
Q

Gel like substance encasing the cell and giving it fluid nature

A

Cytoplasm

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10
Q

Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions
in a eukaryotic cell

A

Nucleus

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10
Q

Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color

A

Chloroplast

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11
Q

Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria

A

Lysosome

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12
Q

Small bumps located on portions of the endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ribosomes

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12
Q

Sub-organelle of nucleus that composes of RNA

A

Nucleolus

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13
Q

___________ is a double membrane lipid layer enclosing the
nucleus to protect the DNA and nucleoplasm.

A

Nuclear envelope

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14
Q

Bundles of DNA

A

Chromatin

15
Q

Site of cellular respiration, powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

16
Q

Transport the materials needed by the cell

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

17
Q

Has ribosomes and in charge of manufacturing of glycoproteins

A

Rough ER

17
Q

The absence of ribosomes makes it smooth while taking charge of the metabolism/synthesis of carbohydrates, lipid, enzymes, etc.

A

Smooth ER

18
Q

Sorts, modifies, and packages proteins for transport out of the cell

A

Golgi body/Golgi apparatus

19
Q

The semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell

A

Plasma membrane

19
Q

Allowing certain substances to pass through it but not others

A

Semi-permeable

20
Q

Larger in plants, known as tonoplast/central vacuole that can absorb water

A

Vacuole

21
Q

Lysosome, is an organelle found only in animal cells that is responsible for
intracellular digestion with the help of _____________ stored in its
membranes that are powerful enough to break down macromolecules.

A

Hydrolytic enzymes

22
Q

What is the main function of the Cell Wall?

A

To protect and provide support for the cell

23
Q

The word cyto means:

A

Cell

24
Q

Isolates the cell from outside environment

A

Cell membrane

25
Q

_____________ pigments which, together with the action of sunlight and H2O in the process called photosynthesis, manufactures food for the entire plant.

A

Chlorophyll

26
Q

Site of storage/distribution for manifactured plant food. Also made up of several stacks called “grana”

A

Thylakoid

27
Q

Found in the external spaces of thylakoid, where photosyntesis occurs and carbon dioxide is converted into glucose

A

Stroma

28
Q

Small rings of DNA that are located outside
the nucleoid.

A

Plasmids

29
Q

Tail that helps in locomotive function of the cell

A

Flagella

30
Q

Hair-like structure that detects and gives signal to the cell

A

Cilia

31
Q

Framework of the cell, holds the organelles together

A

Cytoskeleton

32
Q

Parts of prokaryotic cell

A

Chromosome, cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, capsule

33
Q

Microfilaments form ________, the spindle
that apportions the genetic material during cell division

A

Centrioles

34
Q

Assembles and disassembles causing cell movement

A

Microtubules andmicrofilaments

35
Q
A

Gen Bio (8 decks)

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