Cell cycle Flashcards
Sequential phases of events wherein the parent cell divides and replicates DNA materials to produce two daughter cells.
Cell cycle
Purposes of cell cycle
Growth, cell differentiation, repair of damaged tissues, replication of genetic materials, reproduction
2 Types of Cell Division
Mitosis and meiosis
The sister chromatids are moving apart
Anaphase
A five-stage process of cell division solely
for eukaryotic cells wherein the replicated
traits of the chromosomes separate into
two new nuclei
Mitosis
Chromatin of the nucleus
condensing to form
chromosomes.
Prophase
It is the transition stage
wherein the nuclear envelope
breaks down causing
interaction of the spindle and
the chromosomes to form
spindle fibers that will then
bind with the kinetochore of
the centromere.
Prometaphase
Occurs after the spindle
fibers have attached to
the kinetochores, from
whence they begin
moving to the center poles
to eventually align with
the metaphase plate
Metaphase
Sees the shortening of
the microtubules of the
kinetochores thereby
pulling the pair of
chromatid sisters towards
the opposite poles
Telophase
It is a two-round set of cell division stages
occurring solely among eukaryotic cells
with gametes.
Meiosis
Its end result shall be the reduction of
chromosome number into half.
Meiosis
Involves the sorting and pairing up of
homologous chromosomes (genes with
similar traits) from both male parent and
female parent resulting to a thick four-
strand tetrad of two diploid cell
Meiosis I
Sees homologous
chromosomes from both
parents pairing up into
tetrads (synapsis) and
exchanging DNA (homologous
recombination) resulting
in crossovers of new
combination of alleles
Prophase I
It consists of
homologous pairs
moving together and
aligning with the
metaphase plate.
This stage also sees a
protein substance
called
cohesin binding
the replicated sister
chromatids.
Metaphase I
During this phase,
the homologous
chromosomes move
to opposite ends of
the cell.
Anaphase I
It sees the pair of
chromosomes reaching the
opposite poles with their
chromosomal number halved.
The spindles disappear, two
new nuclear membrane is
formed encasing each of the
haploid daughter cells, and
the cell also divides into two.
Telophase I
Similar to mitosis, yields four daughter cells
Meiosis II
Sees the disappearance of
both the nuclear envelope
and the nucleoli while the
chromatids condense and
the centromeres move to
the poles and assemble
spindle fibers for the next
cell division
Prophase II
Involves the two
kinetochores of the
centromeres attaching to
the spindle fibers of the
centrosomes of the
opposite poles to align at
the metaphase plate
Metaphase II
Consists of the
centromeres breaking up
and the sister chromatids
moving to the opposite
poles and thereby
becoming unreplicated and
individual chromosomes
Anaphase II
Is similar to Telophase I
but instead of two
daughter cells four will be
produced
Telophase II
Describes the cell’s daily functions of
growth, metabolism, and the copying of
DNA in preparation for either mitosis or
meiosis
Interphase
Sees the cell preparing for
DNA replication by
increasing its metabolism,
proteins, and available
organelles
Gap I (G1) Stage
Involves the actual
replication of DNA materials
leading to the doubling of
the cell’s chromosomal
number
Synthesis (S) Stage
Sees the cell continuing
to grow in preparation
for mitosis or meiosis
Gap II (G2) Stage
In eukaryotic cells, it sees the nuclear
membrane dividing into two and will produce two daughter cells with inherent traits similar to the parent cell.
Cytokinesis
