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bio > Cell Structure And Functions > Flashcards

Cell Structure And Functions Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the 3 principles of the Cell Theory.

A

All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms.
All cells come from preexisting cells.

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2
Q

As the ______of a cell increases, the proportionate amount of cell surface area ___________

A

Volume

Decreases

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3
Q

What does the term resolution mean?

A

The ability to distinguish two objects are separate

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4
Q

Label each of the following statements with either CLM (compound light microscope) or TEM (transmission electron microscope):

focusing by glass lenses

A

CLM

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5
Q

Label each of the following statements with either CLM (compound light microscope) or TEM (transmission electron microscope):

Focusing by magnetic lenses

A

TEM

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6
Q

Label each of the following statements with either CLM (compound light microscope) or TEM (transmission electron microscope):

Image viewed from fluorescent screen or photographic film

A

TEM

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7
Q

Label each of the following statements with either CLM (compound light microscope) or TEM (transmission electron microscope):

Image viewed by an eyepiece

A

CLM

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8
Q

In order to view living specimens, which microscope should you use?

A

Compound light microscope

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9
Q

To view a specimen with the greatest magnification, which microscope should you use

A

Transmission electron microscope

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10
Q

To view the details of the exterior of a specimen, which microscope should you use?

A

Scanning electron microscope

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11
Q

To view the internal structure of an object within a cell, which microscope should you use?

A

Transmission electron microscope

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12
Q

A.Sites of protein synthesis
B.Gel-like coating outside the cell wall
C.Location of bacterial chromosome
D.Covering that supports, shapes, and protects cell
E.Rotating external appendage that pushes the cell forward
F.Hollow appendage that transfer plasmid DNA to other bacterial cells

_____ cell wall
_____ flagellum
_____ glycocalyx
_____ nucleoid
_____ sex pili
_____ ribosomes

A

D
E
B
C
F
A

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13
Q

What are three key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure?

A

Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus; eukaryotic cells contain a true nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.
Prokaryotic cells are small and simple; eukaryotic cells are large and complex

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14
Q

List the three layers of the prokaryotic cell envelope from innermost to outermost.

A

1st - plasma membrane - regulates what can enter and exit the cell
2nd - cell wall - rigid structure that gives shape, support, and protection to the cell
3rd - capsule (glycocalyx) - gel-like coating (sometimes called “slime layer”) that protects cell from desiccation

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15
Q

What are the external appendage structures that a prokaryotic cell is likely to have? List the functions of each.

A

Flagella - long whip-like tail that provides movement of the cell through its environment
Fimbriae - short hair-like projections that help the cell attach to other surfaces (including other cells)
Sex pili - hollow projections that allow one prokaryotic cells to transfer plasmid DNA to another mature prokaryotic cell

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16
Q

Place the following terms in the appropriate column to compare plant and animal cell structures (some terms are used in both columns).

Terms: cell wall, centrioles, chloroplasts, large central vacuole, mitochondria, plasma membrane, vesicles

Animal ______ plant

A

Animal
centrioles
mitochondria
Plasma membrane
vesicles

Plant
Cell wall
chloroplasts
Large central vacuole
mitochondria
Plasma membrane
vesicles

17
Q

Which eukaryotic organelles could have evolved from independent prokaryotes that took up residence in early eukaryotic cells?

A

Chloroplasts and mitochondria

18
Q

Explain how these organelles work together in the endomembrane system:
Nucleus and ribosomes

A

Nucleus provides instructions to the ribosomes for how to build a specific protein

19
Q

Explain how these work in the endomembrand system
Ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ribosomes assemble the amino acid sequence of the protein and the endoplasmic reticulum helps make the protein’s shape and transports it

20
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

A

Endoplasmic reticulum packages the produced protein into a vesicle and sends it to the Golgi apparatus to be modified, sorted, and delivered to its final destination

21
Q

Golgi apparatus and vesicles

A

Golgi apparatus receives proteins in vesicles and sends out completed proteins in new vesicles to deliver the protein to its final destination

22
Q

Match the following organelles with their functions/descriptions:

A.Contain digestive enzymes
B.Sorts lipids and proteins and packages them in vesicles
C.Flexible boundary that regulates what can enter or exit the cell
D.Synthesizes proteins and packages them in vesicles
E.Synthesizes lipids
F.Transports proteins and lipids to various locations

______ Rough ER
______ Smooth ER
______ Lysosomes
______ Vesicles
______ Golgi apparatus
______ Plasma membrane

A

D
E
A
F
B
C

23
Q

Without ribosomes, what would a cell be unable to do?

A

Produce proteins

24
Q

Without mitochondria, what would a cell be unable to do?

A

Breakdown food to produce ATP

25
Q

The minimum distance between two objects before they are seen as one object is known as
Illumination
Magnification
Resolution
Transmission

A

Resolution

26
Q

Select the structure found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells.
Plasma membrane
Cell wall
Mitochondrion
Ribosome

A

Mitochondrion

27
Q

Select the incorrect association.
Glycocalyx - coating
Cell wall - provides support
Flagellum - movement
Mesosome - movement

A

Mesosome

28
Q

The structure that surrounds the cytoplasm in a bacterial cell is the
Cell wall
Nucleoid
Plasma membrane
Ribosome

A

Plasma membrane

29
Q

How are mitochondria and chloroplasts similar to bacteria?
They are bounded by a single membrane.
They have their own genetic material.
They lack ribosomes.
They are larger than normal cells.

A

They have their own genetic material

30
Q

Which of the following structures is part of the cell’s endomembrane system?
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Nucleolus

A

ER

31
Q

Plant cells
Have a cell wall but not a plasma membrane
Have chloroplasts but no mitochondria
Do not have any centrioles and yet divide
Have a large central vacuole but do not have endoplasmic reticulum

A

Don’t have centrioles yet divide

32
Q

How are mitochondria like chloroplasts?
They have the same structure.
They both absorb the energy of the sun.
They are both transformers of energy.
They are both in animal cells.

A

Transformers of energy

33
Q

Which organelle is used to produce steroid hormones and to detoxify drugs?
Lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
Rough ER
Smooth ER

A

Smooth ER

bio (20 decks)

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