Cell Structure and Function (week 2) Flashcards
why are cells so small?
cells are small to maximize surface area and create a high surface area to volume ratio
Prokaryotic cells include:
bacteria
eukaryotic cells include:
animal cells, tissue, plant
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
studies organisms in pond water; the first to study microorganisms
1830 Schleiden and Schawaan
concluded that all living organisms are made of cells; formed the cell theory of biology
cell theory of biology
- all living organisms are made up of cells
- cell is structural unit of life
- cells arise by division
- cells can be cultured to produce more cells
what features do all cells have?
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes, cytoskeleton
what are the three types (domains) of cells?
Bacteria (prokaryote), archaea (prokaryote), eukarya (eukaryote)
in vitro
outside organism or cell
in vivo
inside organism or cell
bacteria consists of:
mitochondria, chloroplasts, gram, negative/positive bacteria, capsules
archaea consists of:
methanogens, hyperthermophiles, extreme halophiles
eukarya consists of:
fungi, plants, animals, amoeba
what is the size of bacteria? (earliest cell type)
5-10 um
what does bacteria lack?
membrane bound organelles
function of capsules (bac)
outer sticky protective layer
function of cell wall (bac)
rigid structure; helps bacteria maintain its shape
function of plasma membrane (bac)
separates cell from the environment
function of nucleoid (bac)
where naked DNA is found
function of cytoplasm (bac)
- semi-fluid cell interior
- no membrane bound organelles
- metabolic enzymes and site of ribosome synthesis
features of archaea
- was thought to be bacteria
- 5-10 um
- lack membrane bound organelles
- usually live in extreme environments (thermophiles, halophiles, methanogens)
- eukaryote-like gene structures and ribosomes