Cell Structure And Function ch3

Question 1

Actin filaments

Answer 1

Component of the cytoskeleton that plays a role in the movements of the cell and its organelles as well as a structural role

Question 2

Active transport

Answer 2

The movement of molecules or ions through the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient; requires an expenditure of energy

Question 3

Carrier proteins

Answer 3

Involved in the passage of molecules through a cells membrane

Question 4

Cell recognition proteins

Answer 4

Glycoproteins that help the body recognize when it is being invaded by pathogens so that an immune reaction can occur

Question 5

Cellular respiration

Answer 5

The process by which the chemical energy of carbohydrates is converted to that of ATP

Question 6

Centrioles

Answer 6

Cell structure existing in pairs that occur in the centrosome

Question 7

Centrosome

Answer 7

The main microtubule organizing centre in the most eukaryotic cells

Question 8

Chloroplasts

Answer 8

Eukaryotic membranous organelles that use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates

Question 9

Chromatin

Answer 9

Consists of DNA and associated proteins within a nucleus of a cell

Question 10

Chromosomes

Answer 10

Highly condensed structures of coiled chromatin present when a cell is ready to undergo cell decision

Question 11

Cilia

Answer 11

Hairlike projections of a cell that are capable of movement

Question 12

Cristae

Answer 12

The inner membrane of a mitochondrion folded inward on itself

Question 13

Cytoplasm

Answer 13

A semi-fluid medium inside cells composed of water, salts, and dissolved organic molecules

Question 14

Cytoskeleton

Answer 14

Contains actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and micro tubules, which maintains cell shape and allows its parts to move

Question 15

Diffusion

Answer 15

The movement of molecules from a higher to a lower concentration until equilibrium is achieved

Question 16

Endocytosis

Answer 16

A way substances can enter a cel; cells take in substances by vesicle formation

Question 17

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (smooth and rough)

Answer 17

A complicated system of membranous channels and sacs

Question 18

Enzyme proteins

Answer 18

Types of proteins that carry out metabolic reactions directly

Question 20

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 20

A type of cells that contain a nucleus and other organelles

Question 21

Exocytosis

Answer 21

A way substances can exit a cell; a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane as secretion occurs

Question 22

Facilitated transport

Answer 22

The act of a carrier assisting the passage of a molecule across the plasma membrane with no expenditure of energy

Question 23

Flagella

Answer 23

Hairlike projections of a cell that are capable of movement

Question 24

Fluid-mosaic model

Answer 24

A mosaic pattern of proteins, steroids, and phospholipids embedded in the membrane of a cell

Question 25

Glycolipids

Answer 25

Phospholipids with attached carbohydrate chains

Question 26

Glycoproteins

Answer 26

Proteins with attached carbohydrate chains

Question 27

Golgi apparatus

Answer 27

The shipping centre of the cell that collects, sorts, packages and distributes materials such as proteins and lipids; also known as Golgi body

Question 28

Grana

Answer 28

Stacked structures of thylakoids

Question 29

Hypertonic solutions

Answer 29

Solutions with a lower concentration of solute than inside the cell; results in net movement of water from the outside to the inside of the cell

Question 30

Intermediate filaments

Answer 30

Fibrous polypeptides that play a structural role within a cell

Question 31

Isotonic

Answer 31

Isotonic solutions: solutions in which the solute concentration and the water concentration both inside and outside the cell are equal

Question 32

Lysosomes

Answer 32

Membrane-bound vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus; contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes

Question 33

Matrix

Answer 33

The inner fluid-filled space of mitochondria

Question 34

Microtubules

Answer 34

Small, hollow cylinders made of tubulin

Question 35

Mitochondria

Answer 35

Eukaryotic membranous organelles that break down carbohydrates to produce ATP molecules

Question 36

Motor molecules

Answer 36

Proteins that can attach, detach, and reattach farther along actin filament

Question 37

Nuclear envelope

Answer 37

A double membrane separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm in a cell

Question 38

Nuclear pores

Answer 38

Units that permit bidirectional transport of proteins and ribosomal subunits across the nuclear envelope

Question 39

Nucleoplasm

Answer 39

Semifluid medium within a cells nucleus

Question 40

Nucleus

Answer 40

Unit that stores DNA within a eukaryotic cell

Question 41

Organelle

Answer 41

A well-defined subcellular structure that performs a particular function

Question 42

Osmosis

Answer 42

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane due to concentration differences

Question 43

Osmotic pressure

Answer 43

The pressure that develops in a system due to osmosis

Question 44

Peroxisomes

Answer 44

Membrane-bound vesicles that enclose enzymes

Question 45

Phagocytosis

Answer 45

A way to transport large substances, such as viruses, into cells

Question 46

Photosynthesis

Answer 46

A process that uses solar energy to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrates

Question 47

Pinocytosis

Answer 47

A way to transport small substances, such as macromolecules, into cells

Question 48

Polyribosomes

Answer 48

Several ribosomes associated simultaneously with a single mRNA molecule

Question 49

Proteins

Answer 49

Polymers composed of amino acid monomers

Question 50

Receptor proteins

Answer 50

Types of proteins that allow a specific molecule to bind to them and change their shape to bring about a cellular response

Question 51

Receptor-meditated endocytosis

Answer 51

A form of pinocytosis that uses a receptor protein shaped so a specific molecule can bind to it

Question 52

Ribosomes

Answer 52

Responsible for the synthesis of proteins using mRNA as a template; composed of two subunits

Question 53

Selectively permeable

Answer 53

A membrane that allows certain substances to move across it but not others

Question 54

Sodium- potassium pump

Answer 54

A carrier protein that moves sodium ions to the outside of a cell and potassium ions to the inside; especially in nerve and muscle cells

Question 55

Stroma

Answer 55

A fluid - filled space within a chloroplast

Question 56

Vacuole

Answer 56

A large membrane sac found within cells that stores substances

Question 57

Vesicles

Answer 57

.

Question 58

Plasma membrane

Answer 58

A living boundary that separates the living contents of the cell from the surrounding environment