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Biology 12 > Cell Structure And Function ch3 > Flashcards

Cell Structure And Function ch3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Actin filaments

A

Component of the cytoskeleton that plays a role in the movements of the cell and its organelles as well as a structural role

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2
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of molecules or ions through the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient; requires an expenditure of energy

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3
Q

Carrier proteins

A

Involved in the passage of molecules through a cells membrane

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4
Q

Cell recognition proteins

A

Glycoproteins that help the body recognize when it is being invaded by pathogens so that an immune reaction can occur

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5
Q

Cellular respiration

A

The process by which the chemical energy of carbohydrates is converted to that of ATP

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6
Q

Centrioles

A

Cell structure existing in pairs that occur in the centrosome

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7
Q

Centrosome

A

The main microtubule organizing centre in the most eukaryotic cells

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8
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Eukaryotic membranous organelles that use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates

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9
Q

Chromatin

A

Consists of DNA and associated proteins within a nucleus of a cell

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10
Q

Chromosomes

A

Highly condensed structures of coiled chromatin present when a cell is ready to undergo cell decision

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11
Q

Cilia

A

Hairlike projections of a cell that are capable of movement

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12
Q

Cristae

A

The inner membrane of a mitochondrion folded inward on itself

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13
Q

Cytoplasm

A

A semi-fluid medium inside cells composed of water, salts, and dissolved organic molecules

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14
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Contains actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and micro tubules, which maintains cell shape and allows its parts to move

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15
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of molecules from a higher to a lower concentration until equilibrium is achieved

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16
Q

Endocytosis

A

A way substances can enter a cel; cells take in substances by vesicle formation

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17
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (smooth and rough)

A

A complicated system of membranous channels and sacs

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18
Q

Enzyme proteins

A

Types of proteins that carry out metabolic reactions directly

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20
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

A type of cells that contain a nucleus and other organelles

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21
Q

Exocytosis

A

A way substances can exit a cell; a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane as secretion occurs

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22
Q

Facilitated transport

A

The act of a carrier assisting the passage of a molecule across the plasma membrane with no expenditure of energy

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23
Q

Flagella

A

Hairlike projections of a cell that are capable of movement

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24
Q

Fluid-mosaic model

A

A mosaic pattern of proteins, steroids, and phospholipids embedded in the membrane of a cell

25
Q

Glycolipids

A

Phospholipids with attached carbohydrate chains

26
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Proteins with attached carbohydrate chains

27
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

The shipping centre of the cell that collects, sorts, packages and distributes materials such as proteins and lipids; also known as Golgi body

28
Q

Grana

A

Stacked structures of thylakoids

29
Q

Hypertonic solutions

A

Solutions with a lower concentration of solute than inside the cell; results in net movement of water from the outside to the inside of the cell

30
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Fibrous polypeptides that play a structural role within a cell

31
Q

Isotonic

A

Isotonic solutions: solutions in which the solute concentration and the water concentration both inside and outside the cell are equal

32
Q

Lysosomes

A

Membrane-bound vesicles produced by the Golgi apparatus; contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes

33
Q

Matrix

A

The inner fluid-filled space of mitochondria

34
Q

Microtubules

A

Small, hollow cylinders made of tubulin

35
Q

Mitochondria

A

Eukaryotic membranous organelles that break down carbohydrates to produce ATP molecules

36
Q

Motor molecules

A

Proteins that can attach, detach, and reattach farther along actin filament

37
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

A double membrane separating the nucleus from the cytoplasm in a cell

38
Q

Nuclear pores

A

Units that permit bidirectional transport of proteins and ribosomal subunits across the nuclear envelope

39
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Semifluid medium within a cells nucleus

40
Q

Nucleus

A

Unit that stores DNA within a eukaryotic cell

41
Q

Organelle

A

A well-defined subcellular structure that performs a particular function

42
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane due to concentration differences

43
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

The pressure that develops in a system due to osmosis

44
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Membrane-bound vesicles that enclose enzymes

45
Q

Phagocytosis

A

A way to transport large substances, such as viruses, into cells

46
Q

Photosynthesis

A

A process that uses solar energy to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrates

47
Q

Pinocytosis

A

A way to transport small substances, such as macromolecules, into cells

48
Q

Polyribosomes

A

Several ribosomes associated simultaneously with a single mRNA molecule

49
Q

Proteins

A

Polymers composed of amino acid monomers

50
Q

Receptor proteins

A

Types of proteins that allow a specific molecule to bind to them and change their shape to bring about a cellular response

51
Q

Receptor-meditated endocytosis

A

A form of pinocytosis that uses a receptor protein shaped so a specific molecule can bind to it

52
Q

Ribosomes

A

Responsible for the synthesis of proteins using mRNA as a template; composed of two subunits

53
Q

Selectively permeable

A

A membrane that allows certain substances to move across it but not others

54
Q

Sodium- potassium pump

A

A carrier protein that moves sodium ions to the outside of a cell and potassium ions to the inside; especially in nerve and muscle cells

55
Q

Stroma

A

A fluid - filled space within a chloroplast

56
Q

Vacuole

A

A large membrane sac found within cells that stores substances

57
Q

Vesicles

A

.

58
Q

Plasma membrane

A

A living boundary that separates the living contents of the cell from the surrounding environment

Biology 12 (4 decks)

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