Cell Structure and Cell Cycle

Question 1

Plasma Membrane

Answer 1

Controls movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 2

Microvilli

Answer 2

Folds of the plasma membrane that increase the surface area of the cell to increase absorption or secretion

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Contains DNA molecules and nucleolus

Question 4

Nucleolus

Answer 4

Assembly site for ribosomes

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

Long thin strands within nucleus. Each strand composed of one DNA molecule and associated proteins.

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Area of the cell between plasma membrane and nucleus. Includes cytosol and organelles.

Question 7

Cytosol

Answer 7

Fluid portion of cytoplasm in which many of the cells’ chemical reactions occur.

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

Makes ATP via aerobic cellular respiration

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

Site of proteins synthesis in cytosol and RER

Question 10

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Answer 10

Synthesize proteins and phospholipids used in the plasma membrane and organelles or secreted via exocytosis.

Question 11

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 11

Fatty acid and steroid synthesis; detoxifies toxic substances; stores calcium

Question 12

Golgi complex

Answer 12

Receives and modifies proteins from RER; sorts and modifies them for transport

Question 13

Secretory vesicles

Answer 13

Secrete substances outside the cell by exoctyosis

Question 14

Lysosomes

Answer 14

Enzymes digest and recycle worn-out organelles and substances entering the cell; can digest the cell.

Question 15

Peroxisomes

Answer 15

Produce hydrogen peroxide; detoxify harmful substances

Question 16

Cytoskeleton

Answer 16

Three kinds of protein filaments; maintain cell shape and involved in cell movement and movement of organelles.

Question 17

Centrosomes (centrioles)

Answer 17

Form mitotic spindle; needed to form cilia and flagella

Question 18

Cilia

Answer 18

Abundant, hair-like cell projections that move fluids and particles along the cell surface

Question 19

Flagella

Answer 19

Long cell projection; whip-like motion moves sperm

Question 20

Interphase

Answer 20

Period between cell divisions; cells are metabolically active and growing; DNA, organelles, and other cell components replicate; chromosomes cannot be seen with a light microscope.

Question 21

Mitotic Phase

Answer 21

Somatic cell division

Question 22

Mitosis

Answer 22

Nuclear division (PMAT)

Question 23

Prophase

Answer 23

Nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear; chromatin condenses into chromosomes; centrioles move to opposite poles; spindle fibers form

Question 24

Metaphase

Answer 24

Chromosomes line up at metaphasal plate; spindle fibers attach to centromeres of chromatids

Question 25

Anaphase

Answer 25

Chromatids of chromosomes separate; move to opposite poles

Question 26

Telophase

Answer 26

Cell reverses prophase activities

Question 27

Cytokinesis

Answer 27

Cytoplasmic division into two genetically identical daughter cells; begins during anaphase, with formation of cleavage furrow; ends with completion of telophase