Cell Structure

Question 1

State the 5 features of a animal cell

Answer 1

• nucleus
• ribosomes
• mitochondria
• cell membrane
• cytoplasm

Question 2

State the 8 features of a plant cell

Answer 2

• vacuole
• cell membrane
• cell wall
• chloroplast
• chloroplast
• mitochondria
• nucleus
• ribosomes

Question 3

What is the role of mitochondria?

Answer 3

Perform respiration to release energy

Question 4

What is the roll of the cell membrane?

Answer 4

Controls the movement of substances in and out the cell

Question 5

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 5

Makes proteins for protein synthesis

Question 6

What is the role of the nucleus?

Answer 6

Controls activities of the cell

Question 7

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 7

Liquid where most reactions happen

Question 8

What is the vacuole and it’s role?

Answer 8

Sack filled with sap. Keeps the cell rigid

Question 9

What is the cell wall and what does it do?

Answer 9

Made of cellulose. Supports cell

Question 10

What is the chloroplasts?

Answer 10

Green and full of chlorophyll

Question 11

What are the 7 features of a bacterial cell?

Answer 11

• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• chromosome
• cell wall
• flagella
• plasmid
• ribosomes

Question 12

What is a Prokaryotic cell?

Answer 12

Bacteria , no nucleus, genetic material is looped

Question 13

What is a Eukaryotic cell?

Answer 13

Animal and plant cells, cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus

Question 14

What is the calculation for magnification?

Answer 14

Magnification = size of image
————————
Size of object

Question 15

What is the calculation for image size?

Answer 15

Image size = Actual size x magnification

Question 16

What is the difference between a light microscope and a electron microscope?

Answer 16

Light- uses light and lenses, magnifications of 100 to 2000

Electron- modern uses beam of electrons
Magnifications of up to 2000000

Question 17

Give 4 examples of specialised cells?

And how they have adapted?

Answer 17

• xylem( transports water)- hollow in centre, tubes joined end to end
• phloem( transports sugars)- pores to allow sap to flow, cells long and joined end to end
• root hair cell(absorbed water from soil) - large surface area
• sperm cell(get male dna to female) - streamlined head, long tail, lots of Mitochondria

Question 18

What is binary fission?

Answer 18

Bacterial binary fission is the process that bacteria use to carry out cell division. When cells divide by mitosis in the body of a multicellular organism, they cause the organism to grow larger or replace old, worn-out cells with new ones.

Question 19

How do you prepare an uncontaminated culture using aseptic techniques?

Answer 19

1) Bunsen burner on bench to kill airborne microorganisms
2) pass metal loop through flame to sterilise and let cool
3) remove culture bottle lid and put neck of bottle through flame - sterilise
4) put metal loop through bacterial culture then sterilise bottle again
5) replace culture bottle lid to prevent contamination and partially lift petroleum dish to stop entry of microorganisms
6) put metal loop over surface of the nutrient agar and pass metal loop through flame to sterilise
7) tape on petit dish lid and incubate at 25 degrees