Cell Structure Flashcards
What is the function of the Cell Wall?
Supports the cell and prevents it from changing shape.
Which organelle synthesises and processed lipids?
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Give two functions of a plant cell vacuole?
Helps maintain pressure inside the cell; keeps the cell rigid and isolates unwanted chemicals inside the cell
What are Plasmids?
They are small loops of DNA that arent part of the main circular DNA molecule.
What is a flagellum?
A long hair like structure that rotates to make a Prokaryotic cell move
What is the cell surface plasma membrane mainly made from?
Lipids and proteins
What are the two different types of endoplasmic reticulum, and what is the different?
Smooth- no ribosomes (SER)
Rough- ribosomes (RER)
Which organelle folds and processes proteins?
Rough ER
What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Folds and processes proteins that have been made at the Ribosomes.
Name two other organelles found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Cell wall, chloroplasts
Exam Question:
Plant cells have a vacuole, but animal cells do not.
a) Give two features of a plant cell vacuole.
b) Name two other organelles that are found in plant cells but not animal cells.
a) Helps maintain pressure inside the cell/keeps the cell rigid/isolates unwanted chemicles inside cell.
b) Cell wall and chloroplasts.
Prokaryotic cells replicate through Binary Fission, what take place during this process?
1) The circular DNA and Plasmid(s) replicate.
2) The cell gets bigger and the DNA loops move to opposite ‘poles’ (ends) of the cell.
3) The cytoplasm begins to divide (and the new cell walls begin to form).
4) The cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are produced. Each daughter cell has one copy of the circular DNA, but can have a variable number of copies of the plasmid(s).
What are the three main steps of Cell Fractionation?
- ) Homogenisation
- ) Filtration
- ) Ultracentrifugation
