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Microbiology > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

0.5-1.5

A

Polar covalent

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2
Q

> 1.5

A

Ionic

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3
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water molecules down their concentration gradient

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4
Q

Gram positive cell architecture

A

Cell membrane
Thick layer of peptidoglycan

Has TEICHOIC ACIDS: protects the cell membrane from chemicals

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5
Q

Gram negative cell architecture

A

Outer membrane
Cell membrane
Peptidoglycan

Have PORIN-channel through the outer membrane
&
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE- Barrier against chemicals

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6
Q

Flagella

A

Corkscrew structures that extend beyond the cell surface

Rotates like a propeller

PUSH or PULL the cell

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7
Q

Positive Taxis

A

Movement of flagella towards a favorable stimulus

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8
Q

Negative Taxis

A

Movement of flagella away from unfavorable stimulus

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9
Q

Cytoplasm

A

70% water

No empty space and very little “free water”

Wide variety of proteins and chemicals

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10
Q

Nucleoid (prokaryotes)

A

A region of the cell that contains the single, circular chromosome

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11
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains the chromosome(s)

Localizes all of the the macromolecules needed to make more chromosome and stuff needed to express genes

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12
Q

Ribosomes

A

50% of dry cell mass

RNA/protein complex

Translate (express) the messages sent from genes into new proteins

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13
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Hallow, net-like, tubes

Transport system within a cell

Rough ER: ribosomes are on the surface making proteins

Smooth ER: lipid synthesis and transport

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14
Q

Golgi bodies

A

Series of flattened hallow sacs

Packages molecules for secretion in SECRETORY VESICLES

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15
Q

0.0-0.5

A

Non-polar covalent

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16
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

An exoskeleton that protects cell from bursting

17
Q

Run (taxis)

A

Movement of flagella in a single direction that increases with favorable stimuli

18
Q

Tumble (taxis)

A

Abrupt, random, change in direction that increase with unfavorable stimuli

19
Q

Energy storage

A

Carbohydrates and lipids

20
Q

Endospores

A

Contains a copy of the chromosome
-Endospores are dormant

Highly resistant to: 
Dessication
Mechanical stress
Heat 
Radiation
21
Q

Cilia

A

Shorter and more numerous than flagella

Microbiology (11 decks)

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