Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
Exogenous antigens
Microbes that originate outside of the body’s cell
Endogenous antigens
Generated within a previously normal host cell
Fragments of the microbe are displayed on the surface of host cells
Autoantigens
Found on normal, uninfected host cells
They identify the cells of your body
Immune cells that recognize Autoantigens have to be purged
Antibodies
Proteins with antigen-binding sites that bind to the epitopes on antigens
Lymph
Is a fluid leaked from blood vessels into surrounding tissues
B lymphocytes (B cells)
Arise and mature in bone marrow
Found primarily in lymph nodes
Secrete antibodies
Have receptors that can recognize millions of different epitopes and generate antibodies against them
Plasma cells
Make up the majority of B lymphocytes
Each plasma cell secretes antibodies complementary to a specific shape
Short-lived cells
Die within a few days of activation though their antibodies and progeny can persist
Memory B cells
Do not generate antibodies ?????
T lymphocytes
Arise in bone marrow, mature in thymus
Circulate in the lymph and blood
Have receptors that bind to antigens
Act DIRECTLY against antigens
Cytotoxic T cells
Directly kills infected human cells
Secrete PERFORIN and GRANZYME to kill infected cells
Helper T cells
Process antigens to present them to B lymphocytes
Active Immunization
Administration of a vaccine so that the patient mounts a protective immune response
Passive Immunization
Transfer of antibodies formed by an immune individual or an animal
Immediate protection, short-lived
Serum used for passive immunization is called ANTISERUM
Attenuated (live) Vaccines
Contain pathogens with REDUCED VIRULENCE so they don’t cause disease
