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Human Anatomy > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 taxonomic Domains?

A
  • Eukarya
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
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2
Q

What are the four common features shared by all cells?

A
  1. Contain DNA
  2. Surrounded by plasma membrane
  3. Contain cytoplasm
  4. Contain ribosomes
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3
Q

Size…

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

Eukaryotes:
Uni and multicellular
10-100 micrometers in diameter
nucleus (enclosed by membrane)
Membrane-bound
Prokaryotes:
unicellular
1-10 micrometers in diameter
nucleoid (not enclosed by membrane)
Not membrane-bound

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4
Q

What does the structure of a prokaryotic cell look like?

A

Capsule
Cell wall
Nucleoid
flagellum

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5
Q

What are the main components (organelles) found in prokaryotic cells?

A

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA

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6
Q

there are 14

What are the components that are common to most animal cells?

A
  1. Plasma membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Nucleus
  4. Ribosomes
  5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER + RER)
  6. Golgi apparatus
  7. Transport vesicles
  8. Lysosomes
  9. Peroxisomes
  10. Mitochondria
  11. Cytoskeleton
  12. Centrioles
  13. Cilia
  14. Flagellum
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7
Q

4

What are the functions of the plasma membrane?

In eukaryotic cells

A
  1. Acts as a barrier (separates internal environment from external)
  2. Protection (prevents harmful materials from entering)
  3. Transport of molecules (facilitates the transport of molecs across the cell)
  4. Structural support (Helps maintain the cells shape and integrity)
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8
Q

macromolecules

What are the two main components of the plasma membrane?

A
  • Proteins
  • Lipids (phospholipids)
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9
Q

6

What are the different membrane protein functions?

Found in the plasma membrane

A
  • Transport proteins
  • Enzymes
  • Receptor proteins
  • Glycoproteins (Cell-cell recognition)
  • Structure proteins
  • Anchor proteins
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10
Q

3

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

In eukaryotic cells

A

-Give cell shape
-allows nutrient to move about the cell
-holds organelles in place

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11
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

In eukaryotic cells

A
  • Stores genetic information (DNA)
  • Cell’s control center
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12
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

In eukaryotic cells

A

Responsible for making proteins

They are not organelles, but rather complexes where amino acids are join

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13
Q

2

What are the functions of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum?

In eukaryotic cells

What do they have on their surface?

A
  1. Makes membrane proteins
  2. Makes proteins (shipped within the cell or out)

Ribosomes

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14
Q

What are the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

In eukaryotic cells

A
  1. Synthesize cholesterol + steroid-based hormones
  2. Responsible for lipid synthesis
  3. Detoxify drugs and other chemicals
  4. Breakdown stored glycogen to form free glucose (liver)
  5. Stores calcium ions (in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells)
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15
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

In eukaryotic cells

A

Modifies, processes, packages, and distributes molecules (proteins + lipids) made at the ER and destined for export from the cell

The amazon of the cell

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16
Q

What is the function of the transport vesicles?

In eukaryotic cells

A

Move materials such as proteins and other molecules from one part of a cell to another.

17
Q

2

What are the functions of the lysosomes?

In eukaryotic cells

A
  1. Digestin broken organelles
  2. Break down bone to release calcium into blood
18
Q

What is the function of the peroxisomes?

In eukaryotic cells

A

They neutralize free radicals and hydrogen peroxide

19
Q

In what organ cells are peroxisomes numerous?

A

Liver and kidney cells

20
Q

What is the function of the Mitochondria?

In eukaryotic cells

A

Provides ATP for the cell

21
Q

What is the formula for cellular respiration?

A

Oxygen + Glucose –> ATP + CO2 + Heat

22
Q

Where is the site of cellular respiration?

A

Mitochondria

23
Q

What is the endomembrane system?

A

organelles that work together in the synthesis, storage and export of important molecules

24
Q

7

What organelles consist of the endomembrane system?

A
  1. Nuclear membrane
  2. RER
  3. SER
  4. Golgi apparatus
  5. Lysosomes
  6. Vesicles
  7. Plasma membrane
25
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

In eukaryotic cells

A

Helps maintain the shape of a cell

26
Q

What is the function of the centrioles

In eukaryotic cells

A

They move chromosomes during cell division

27
Q

What is the function of cilia?

In eukaryotic cells

A

Move substances in one direction

28
Q

In what part of the body can cilia be found and what is there purpose?

A

Found in the trachea to push mucus away from the lungs

29
Q

What is the function of flagellum?

In eukaryotic cells

A

They propel the cell

Sperm are an example of flagellum

30
Q

Why are cells so small?

A

To increase efficienty

Surface-area to volume ratio big= increased rate of chemical exchange–>

31
Q

What organelles are membranous?

A

Mitochondria
ER
Golgi apparatus
Peroxisomes
Lysosomes

32
Q

What organelles are non-membranous?

A

Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
Centrioles

33
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

They increase the surface area for absorption by increasing the surface area of the plasma membrane

34
Q

Where are microvilli mainly found?

A

Intestinal cells and kidney tubule cells

Human Anatomy (5 decks)

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