Anatomical and Directional Terms (Assignment 1)

Question 1

Describe Anatomical Position

Answer 1

Upright, feet are shoulder width and parallel, toes forward, upper limbs out to each side, and palms facing forward.

Question 2

What does prone mean?

Answer 2

Face-down orientation

Question 3

What does supine mean?

Answer 3

Face-up orientation

Question 4

What does anterior mean?

Answer 4

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body.

EX: The sternum is anterior to the spine)

Question 5

What does posterior mean?

Answer 5

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body.

EX: The heart is posterior to the breastbone

Question 6

What does superior (cranial) mean?

Answer 6

A position above or higher than another part of the body proper.

EX: The head is superior to the abdomen

Question 7

What does Lateral mean?

Answer 7

The side or direction toward the side of the body.

EX: The arms are lateral to the chest

Question 8

What does inferior (caudal) mean?

Answer 8

A position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column).

EX: The pelvis is inferior to the abdomen

Question 9

What does medial mean?

Answer 9

The middle or direction toward the middle of the body.

EX: The heart is medial to the arms

Question 10

What does proximal mean?

Answer 10

A position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.

EX: The elbow is proximal to the wrist

Question 11

What does distal mean?

Answer 11

A position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.

EX: The patella is distal to the femur

Question 12

What does superficial (external) mean?

Answer 12

A position closer to the surface of the body.

EX: The skin is superficial to the bones

Question 13

What does deep (internal) mean?

Answer 13

a position farther from the surface of the body.

EX: The brain is deep to the skull

Question 14

What are the three planes commonly referred?

Answer 14

Sagittal, Frontal (Coronal), and Transverse plane.

Question 15

What chemical element is found as a salt in bones and teeth, required for muscle contractions, conduction of nerve impulses and blood clotting?

Answer 15

Calcium (Ca)

Question 16

What chemical element is present in nucleic acids, part of ATP and found in bones and teeth?

Answer 16

Phosphorus (P)

Question 17

What chemical element is essential for conduction of nerve impulses and muscle contractions?

Answer 17

Potassium (K+)

Question 18

What chemical element is major positive ion found in extracellular fluid, important for muscle contractions and nerve impulses?

Answer 18

Sodium (Na+)

Question 19

What chemical element is required to make functional thyroid hormones?

Answer 19

Iodine (I)

Question 20

What chemical element is important component of hemoglobin (in blood) and some enzymes?

Answer 20

Iron (Fe)

Question 21

What chemical element is the most abundant negative ion in extracellular fluids?

Answer 21

Chlorine (Cl)

Question 22

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Which organ systems provide infrastructure that facilitates the other systems?

Answer 22

Cardiovascular, Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous systems

Question 23

Which 3 systems regulate the body’s internal environment?

Answer 23

Endocrine, Lymphatic, and Urinary systems

Question 24

Which system regulates electrolyte levels and filters waste from the blood?

Answer 24

Urinary system

Question 25

Which system secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism?

Answer 25

Endocrine system

Question 26

Which system picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to the blood?

Answer 26

Lymphatic system