Anatomical and Directional Terms (Assignment 1) Flashcards
Practice Questions and Term memorization
Describe Anatomical Position
Upright, feet are shoulder width and parallel, toes forward, upper limbs out to each side, and palms facing forward.
What does prone mean?
Face-down orientation
What does supine mean?
Face-up orientation
What does anterior mean?
Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body.
EX: The sternum is anterior to the spine)
What does posterior mean?
Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body.
EX: The heart is posterior to the breastbone
What does superior (cranial) mean?
A position above or higher than another part of the body proper.
EX: The head is superior to the abdomen
What does Lateral mean?
The side or direction toward the side of the body.
EX: The arms are lateral to the chest
What does inferior (caudal) mean?
A position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column).
EX: The pelvis is inferior to the abdomen
What does medial mean?
The middle or direction toward the middle of the body.
EX: The heart is medial to the arms
What does proximal mean?
A position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.
EX: The elbow is proximal to the wrist
What does distal mean?
A position in a limb that is farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body.
EX: The patella is distal to the femur
What does superficial (external) mean?
A position closer to the surface of the body.
EX: The skin is superficial to the bones
What does deep (internal) mean?
a position farther from the surface of the body.
EX: The brain is deep to the skull
What are the three planes commonly referred?
Sagittal, Frontal (Coronal), and Transverse plane.
What chemical element is found as a salt in bones and teeth, required for muscle contractions, conduction of nerve impulses and blood clotting?
Calcium (Ca)
What chemical element is present in nucleic acids, part of ATP and found in bones and teeth?
Phosphorus (P)
What chemical element is essential for conduction of nerve impulses and muscle contractions?
Potassium (K+)
What chemical element is major positive ion found in extracellular fluid, important for muscle contractions and nerve impulses?
Sodium (Na+)
What chemical element is required to make functional thyroid hormones?
Iodine (I)
What chemical element is important component of hemoglobin (in blood) and some enzymes?
Iron (Fe)
What chemical element is the most abundant negative ion in extracellular fluids?
Chlorine (Cl)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ae4MadKPJC0](http://)
Which organ systems provide infrastructure that facilitates the other systems?
Cardiovascular, Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous systems
Which 3 systems regulate the body’s internal environment?
Endocrine, Lymphatic, and Urinary systems
Which system regulates electrolyte levels and filters waste from the blood?
Urinary system
