Cell structure

Question 1

Organelles involved in protein production

Answer 1

1) Proteins are made in the ribosomes
2) The ribosomes on the RER make proteins that are excreted attached to cell membrane. Free ribosomes in cytoplasm make proteins.
3) New proteins produced at the rough ER are folded and processed
4) Transported from ER to golgi apparatus in vesicle form
5) At the golgi apparatus the proteins may undergo further processing.
6) Proteins enter more vesicles to be transported around the cell e.g glycoproteins move to the cell surface and are secreted.

Question 2

Cytoskeleton functions

Answer 2

Microtubules and microfilaments support cell organelles keeping them in position
Helps to strengthen the cell and maintain shape
Responsible for movement of materials within the cell e.g movement of chromosomes during cell division
Proteins of the cytoskeleton can also cause the cell to move e.g movement of cilia and flagella caused by the cytoskeleton protein filaments.

Question 3

Prokaryotes facts

Answer 3

DNA is circular
No nucleus - DNA free in cytoplasm
Cell wall made of polysaccharide but no cellulose or chitin
Few organelles and no membranes bound organelles
Flagella made of protein - arranged in helix
Small ribosomes
Extremely small cells -less than 2micrometer.

Question 4

Eukaryotes

Answer 4

Larger cells
DNA is linear
Nucleus present - DNA inside
No cell wall , cellulose , chitin
Many organelles - mitochondria & other membrane bound organelles
Flagella made up of microtubules protein
Larger ribosomes