Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Life Science > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Definition of a cell:

A

Basic structural, functional and biological unit of all living things, it is the smallest unit of life and are microscopic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Are cells microscopic or macroscopic? Explain your answer.

A

Microscopic, cannot be observed with the naked eye.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Between which 2 types of cells can we distinguish?

A

Animal cells and plant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Distinguish between microscopic and macroscopic organisms by giving the definition and examples of each one.

A

Microscopic organisms are not visible to the naked eye and requires a microscope to see.
Atoms and cells are examples of microscopic organisms

Macroscopic organisms can be seen with the naked eye.
Insects and worms are examples of macro organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Plant and animal cells differ in

A

Shape and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the common characteristics that animal and plant cell has in common

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus and organelles such as mitochondrian and a vacuole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define a cell membrane, it’s characteristic and 2 functions

A

Definition : known as plasma membrane, separates and protects the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
Charscteristic: it is a thin, living and flexible membrane (layer or skin)
Functions: it enclose the content of the cell and keeps the content together.
It is semi or selectively permeable (only allows certain substances to move in and out of the cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define a cytoplasm, characteristics an functions

A

A cytoplasm is a jelly like substance with all of its material and in which cell organelles and food particles are implanted within a eukaryotic cell enclosed by a cell membrane.
Functions : it contains organelles that fulfill specific functions
Chemical reactions take place because of the many enzymes.
It supports and maintain the shape of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define a nucleus, characteristics and functions

A

a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.

Charscteristics: it is surrounded by the nuclear membrane, contains a liquid called the nucleoplasm, smaller dense body inside called a nucleolus.

Functions :controls l the life activities of the cell, is the part of the cell considered the ‘brain’, contains DNA( deoxyribonucleic acid).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the nucleus located in the plant and animal cell

A

Plant: the nucleus is found close to the edge of the cell
Animal:found close to the centre of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the DNA determine

A

Hereditary Charscteristics such as eye color and height.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the DNA contain

A

The genetic code that is unique to every living organism and he variation in DNA makes each one of us unique and different.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define and organelle and give examples of organelles and where they are present in both animal and plant cell.

A

Definition :structures in the cell’s cytoplasm that carry out the cell functions.
Organelles like mitochondria (singular:mitochondrion) and vacuoles which are present in the cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define the term mitochondria,it’s functions

A

an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner part being folded inwards to form layers (cristae).

Functions : Referred to as the powerhouse of the cell as it breaks down glucose from food to produce energy (cellular respiration) needed for cells to carry out life processes.
The number of mitochondria present in a cell depends on the cell’s function.
Muscles and liver cells contain a lot of mitochondria because they require a lot of energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define the term vacoule

A

an organelle in cells which functions to hold various solutions or materials, with large cavities and are mainly present in plant cells.

Functions :plant cells have large permanent vacuoles while animal cells contain small temporary vacuoles or absent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Differences between animal and plant cell in terms of cell shape, cell wall, chloroplasts and vacuoles

A

Cell shape of an animal cell:Flexible or changeable shape due to the absence of a cell wall.
Cell chape of a plant cell :Rigid and firm or sturdy chape due to the presence of a cell wall.
Cell wall of an animal cell:No cell wall present.
Cell wall of a plant cell: firm cell wall is present.

Chloroplasts :of an animal cell: Chloroplasts are not present in the cytoplasm
: The chloroplasts in the cytoplasm are responsible for photosynthesis

Vacuoles:Animal cell: Normally no vacuole or numerous smaller temporary vacuoles in the cytoplasm
:plant cell: A single large vacuole in the cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define a cell wall, it’s characteristic and functions

A

Definition :The outermost rigid layer of a plant cell that allows all soluble substances mainly consisting of cellulose(A type of carbohydrate)
Functions: Gives the cell it’s specific shape and sturdiness and protects the inside of the cell against damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define a chloroplasts, it’s functions and characteristics

A

a plastid in green plant cells which contains chlorophyll(pigment that gives the plant it’s green color) and in which photosynthesis takes place.
It occurs in the green parts of the plant such as leaves and stems.

Functions :Chlorophyll captures the sun’s energy and produces together with carbon dioxide and water energy rich food for the plant known as the process of photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Charscteristics of large vacuoles

A

The large vacuole in the plant cell, is the space (cavity) in the cytoplasm that is surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast, the space within the vacuole is filled with a liquid reffered to as the cell sap.

Functions : Gives support to the plant so that it can maintain it’s shape, provides storage space for food and wasted products.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List 3 modern cell theory

A

The cell is the smallest, biological and functional living unit in all organisms.

All living things are made of cells:unicellular(has one cell) /single-celled organisms like amoeba.
Multicellular has multiple cells like animals and plants.

All cells come from other preexisting cells that carry genetic information called DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) found in the nucleus that determines hereditary characteristics. It has many functions and processes that organelles, structure inside of them takes care of.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Similarities between prokaryote(archaea and bacteria) and eukaryote(fungi, people, animals, plants and protists)

A

Genetic material, cytoplasm, ribosomes(small organelles that make protein), cell membrane which controls what goes in and out of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Difference between prokaryote and eukaryote

A

Eukaryote has genetic material in the nucleus which controls the life activities, membrane bound organelle are fancy organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria and golgi apparatus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cell membrane

A

Called a plasma membrane, it is selectively permeable meaning they allow certain materials to go in and out of the cell.It keeps things in the cell stable known as keeping homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Jelly like substance in the cell, it surround all internal cell structures and find it both in prokaryote and eukaryote and have support moving around.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Cells contain a cytosketon which contains a collection of Fibre that will provide support to the cell and it’s organelles. It plays a major role in movement and variation differs on the type of cell.

26
Q

Ribosomes

A

Not membrane bound organelle and they make protein (amino acid goes inside ribosomes and goes to the mrna.)which is important because that’s so much of genetic material-DNA codes for. They can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to another organelle too.

27
Q

Nucleus and nucleolus

A

Holds genetic material as in DNA and controls the cells activities, inside of it is a nucleolus where ribosomes can be produced, attached to the nucleus is the nucleus membrane where you can find the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

28
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

They also function in the folding of proteins molecules and in delivering manufactured proteins in vesicles to the golgi apparatus.

There is rough er where ribosomes are attached to it making it rough(is involved with protein producing and transportation because of the riboses attached to it.

there’s the smooth er which doesn’t have ribosomes and has many additional roles including detoxification which is why your liver cells tend to have a lot of smooth er. Another role is that it makes the types of liquid.

Molecules that leave the er can be sent away in vesicles that actually pinch off, of the er themselves.

29
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

prepares, modifies, and both lipids and proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. Later on, these materials stored in this organelle are shipped to their next destination, which is outside the cell..

30
Q

Mitochondrion

A

It is like a power plant, it makes atp energy used for cellular respiration and it runs on glucose which is a type of sugar and needs the presence of oxygen to make atp energy.

31
Q

Chloroplast

A

Make glucose by using light energy in a process called photosynthesis, they have a green look because of the pigment that captures light energy and reflects green light

32
Q

Vacuoles

A

Main type acts as a storage of materials. Plants have a large central vacuole while animals have small several vacuoles or none

33
Q

Cell wall

A

A layer in plant cell that offers additional protection and shape maintenence that animal cells do not.

34
Q

How do get out of an animal cell

A

Get out like a protein would being made because of the instructions from DNA found in the nucleus, we would be made by a ribosome, get attached to the rough er , the highway would provide us with transportation in the vesicle to take us to the golgi apparatus where the sorting takes place and if we are tagged for secretion, we are sent through a vesicle from the golgi to the membrane then we are out of the cell.

35
Q

Lysosomes

A

They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria. If the cell is damaged beyond repair, lysosomes can help it to self-destruct in a process called programmed cell death, or apoptosis.

36
Q

What do the parts of the cell do?

A

The parts of the cell are called organelles.

37
Q

An animal that only eats
vegetables and what is an autotroph;heterotroph and mixotoph

A

herbivores;Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. Heterotrophs are organisms that have to eat, or consume food. Mixotrophs can make their own food, but can also consume food.

38
Q

A hunter – an animal that kills
and eats other animals

A

predator

39
Q

The hunted – an animal that is
killed and eaten by another
animal

A

prey

40
Q

When animals travel to either
warmer climates or to a mating
ground

A

migration

41
Q

Animals that eat meat

A

carnivore

42
Q

Plant at the beginning of a food
chain

A

producer and autotroph

43
Q

An area where a plant or animal
lives

A

habitat

44
Q

Food Chain

A

a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another. each organism occupies a different trophic level, defined by how many energy transfers separate it from the basic input of the chain.

45
Q

food web

A

a complex network of interconnecting and overlapping food chains showing feeding relationships within a community

46
Q

food chain vs food web

A

A food chain shows how matter and energy from food are transferred from one organism to another, whereas a food web illustrates how food chains intertwine in an ecosystem

47
Q

hibernate

A

a deep sleep that helps them to save energy and survive the winter without eating much. During hibernation the animal’s body temperature drops, and its heartbeat and its breathing slow down so that it does not use much energy.

48
Q

migration

A

the seasonal movement of animals from one habitat to another in search of food, better conditions, or reproductive needs

49
Q

trophic level

A

step in a nutritive series, or food chain, of an ecosystem. The organisms of a chain are classified into these levels on the basis of their feeding behaviour.

50
Q

The first and lowest level contains the

A

producers, green plants. The plants or their products are consumed by the second-level organisms—the herbivores, or plant eaters

51
Q

At the third level, primary carnivores, or meat eaters, eat the

A

herbivores

52
Q

secondary carnivores consume the(fourth level)

A

consume the primary carnivores (secondary consumers).

53
Q

some carnivores also consume plant materials or carrion and are called

A

omnivore

54
Q

decomposers or transformers

A

consists of organisms such as bacteria and fungi that break down dead organisms and waste materials into nutrients usable by the producers.

55
Q

Food chains intertwine locally into a food web because most organisms

A

consume more than one type of animal or plant.

56
Q

In a parasite chain

A

a smaller organism consumes part of a larger host and may itself be parasitized by even smaller organisms

57
Q

In a saprophytic chain, microorganisms live

A

on dead organic matter.

58
Q

Because energy, in the form of heat, is lost at each step,

A

or trophic level, chains do not normally encompass more than four or five trophic levels.

59
Q

People can increase the total food supply by

A

cutting out one step in the food chain: instead of consuming animals that eat cereal grains, the people themselves consume the grains.

60
Q

Because the food chain is made shorter,

A

the total amount of energy available to the final consumers is increased.

61
Q

how much energy is lost between trophic levels

A

At each step up the food chain, only 10 percent of the energy is passed on to the next level, while approximately 90 percent of the energy is lost as heat.

Life Science (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions