Cell Structure Flashcards
what kind of nucleus does a eukaryotic cell contain
membrane- bound nucleus
what is the definition of a tissue
a group of cells working together to perform a particular function
define a system
a group of specialised organs working together to perform a specific function
define an organ
a group of tissues which work together to carry out a particular function
what type of cells are eukaryotic
animal and plant
draw and label the organelles of an animal cell
draw and label the organelles in a plant cell
what is the function of the nucleus
it contains the genetic material in the form of chromatin which is made of DNA and histone proteins
describe the structure of the nucleus
- it has a double membrane with pores that allow substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
- the nucleus makes ribosomes
what is the function of ribosomes
to carry out proteinsynthesis
describe the structure of ribosomes
- made of proteins and rRNA
- they have a small subunit and large subunit
- float free in the cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum
-eukaryotes contain 80s ribosomes
what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
- contains ribosomes on its outer surface which synthesise proteins
- transport proteins through the cell
describe the structure of both the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum
- made of flattened membrane sacs called cisternae
what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
synthesises and transports lipids
what is the function of the golgi apparatus
- modifies and packages proteins from the RER into vesicles for secretion
what is the function of lysosomes
- vesicles containing lysozymes which cause hydrolysis for example of invading pathogens and worn out organelles
what is the function of the mitochondria
carry out aerobic respiration
produce ATP
describe the structure of mitochondria
- they have a double membrane
- the inner membrane is folded to form cristae
- they have their own DNA and ribosomes
- the matrix contains enzymes for aerobic respiration, DNA and ribosomes
what is the function of the cell membrane
- controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
what us the function of chloroplasts
- site of photosynthesis
describe the structure of chloroplasts
- they have a double membrane
what is the function of the cell wall
- give cells and organisms support
- prevents cells from bursting
describe the structure of the cell wall
- made of cellulose in plants and algae
- made of chitin in fungi
what is the function of the cell vacuole
- helps maintain pressure inside the cell
- keeps the cell rigid
describe the function of the cell vacuole
- contains cell sap ( a weak solution of sugar and salts)
- has a surrounding membrane called the tonoplast