cell structure

Question 1

cell membrane

Answer 1

the outer boundary of the cell
separates cell from extracellular environment
made up of double layer lipid and molecules and associated proteins
determines what gets in and out of cell

Question 2

cytoplasm

Answer 2

those parts of the cell within the cell membrane, except for the nucleus; includes the
jelly-like fluid and the organelles suspended in it

Question 3

organelles

Answer 3

structures suspended in cytoplasm

Question 4

cytosol

Answer 4

liquid part of cytoplasm

Question 5

cytoskeleton

Answer 5

internal scaffolding of protein fibres in the cytoplasm

Question 6

vesicle

Answer 6

a membrane-bound sac that transports materials into, out of or within the cell

Question 7

Golgi body

Answer 7

series of flattened membranes stacked upon each other.
- modifies proteins and packages them for secretion of the cell

Question 8

mitochondria

Answer 8

a spherical/sausage like structures spread throughout the cytoplasm
- each has a double membrane - smooth outer and folded inner - produces large SA for chemical reactions
- some chemical reactions of cellular respiration occur in the mitochondria

Question 9

nucleus

Answer 9

almost all cells contain 1 nucleus
- largest organelle in the cell and is oval/spherical
- a nuclear membrane separates nuclear from cytoplasm
- contains genetic material of the cell, such as DNA

Question 10

nucleolus

Answer 10

composed mainly of RNA, suspended in cytoplasm

Question 11

lysosomes

Answer 11

smalll spheres that contain enzymes that break down proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and some carbs
- breaks down materials taken into cell or breaks down worn out organelles

Question 12

ribosomes

Answer 12

small, spherical organelles
- amino acids are joined together at ribosomes to make proteins
- may be free-floating or attached to ER

Question 13

endoplasmic reticulum
- smooth
- rough

Answer 13

pairs of parallel membranes that extend through the cytoplasm of cells - provides space for chemical reactions to occur
smooth ER: no ribosomes attached - synthesis and storage of lipids, phospholipids and steroids
rough er: ribosomes attached - synthesis of proteins, plasma cells and white blood cells to produce antibodies

Question 14

dcentrioles

Answer 14

pair pf cylindrical structures
located in nucleus
involved in reproduction of the cell

Question 15

cilia and flagella

Answer 15

some cells and fine projections that are able to beat back and forth to move either whole cell of substances ver surface of cell -
cilia: short and numerous projections, moves mucus and trapped particles out of body
flagella: long, projections, only 1 or 2 - the sperm cell