Cell Structure

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

jelly like substance that contains dissolved slats and nutrients and structures called organelles. Chemical reactions happen here

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Contains genetic material which controls cell activity

Question 3

Cell membrane

Answer 3

Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell. Structure is permeable to some substances but not to others

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most of the energy is released during respiration

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs

Question 6

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t

Answer 6

Cell wall
permanent vacuole
chloroplast

Question 7

Chloroplast

Answer 7

Organelles that contain green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis . Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.

Question 8

Cell wall

Answer 8

Made from CELLULOSE fibres and strengthens the cell and supports the plant

Question 9

Permanent Vacuole

Answer 9

Filled with cell sap to keep the cell turgid

Question 10

What is a eukaryote ?

Answer 10

A complex cell consisting of lots of subcellular structures. PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Question 11

What is a prokaryotic cell ?

Answer 11

single celled organisms like BACTERIA

Question 12

Does a prokaryotic cell have DNA

Answer 12

Yes, in rings of plasmid. DNA is a single molecule

Question 13

How do bacteria divide

Answer 13

Cell divison

Question 14

How do eukaryotic cells divide ?

Answer 14

Mitosis

Question 15

How is a sperm cell adapted for its function ?

Answer 15

It’s function is to fertilise the female egg.

• Head of sperm contains genetic material for fertilisation
• The acrosome in head contains enzymes so the sperm cell can penetrate the egg
• The midpeice has LOTS OF MITOCHONDRIA to release energy needed to swim and fertilise the egg

Question 16

How is a nerve cell adapted for its function

Answer 16

To carry electrical impulses from one place to another.

• It is extended, so run to different parts of the body to the CNS
• Extensions and branches so it can communicate with other nerve cells, muscles and glands
• Covered with fatty sheath which insulates the axon and speeds up nerve impulses

Question 17

How is a muscle cell adapted for its function ?

Answer 17

To produce movements of the limbs and body.

• have filaments of protein that slide over each other to cause muscle contraction : the causes the banded appearance of the heart muscle and skeletal muscle
• skeletal muscles - cells merge so that muscle fibres contract in unison.

Question 18

How is a root hair cell adapted for its function ?

Answer 18

The uptake of water and nutrients

• large surface area to provide contact with soil water
• Thin walls so that not to restrict the movement of water