Cell Specialisation Flashcards
What is the function of mitochondria?
Release energy through respiration
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
Name two structures present only in plant cells.
- Cell wall
- Chloroplasts
In which types of cell would you find mitochondria?
Animal cells and plant cells
Describe the function of the cytoplasm.
Site of metabolic processes and suspends organelles
Define biconcave.
Describes a shape with a dip that curves inwards on both sides
What are ova?
Eggs
How is a cell adapted to its function?
By having specialized structures to allow it to perform specific tasks
What is the function of sperm cells?
To fertilize the ovum (egg cell)
What is the role of mitochondria in sperm cells?
To provide energy for movement towards the egg
What does the axon do?
Transmits electrical impulses away from the nerve cell body
What is the myelin sheath?
An insulating cover along an axon that speeds up electrical impulses
What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
What are nerve impulses?
Electrical signals that travel along nerve cells
What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?
To insulate electrical impulses and speed up their transmission
What are the three types of muscle in the human body?
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Skeletal muscle
Where is smooth muscle found?
In the linings of blood vessels and the iris of the eyes
What type of muscle is found in the heart?
Cardiac muscle
What is the primary function of muscle cells?
To contract and move parts of the body
Why do muscle cells contain large numbers of mitochondria?
Muscular contraction requires a lot of energy
What is the function of root hair cells?
To increase the surface area for water and mineral absorption
What do xylem cells do?
Carry water and dissolved minerals from the roots upwards
What is transpiration?
The gradual release of water vapour from leaves
What is the importance of root hairs in plants?
They help absorb enough water to survive
Fill in the blank: Xylem cells form long tubes that carry water and _______ from the roots upwards.
dissolved minerals
What is the purpose of phloem cells
Carry glucose made in photosynthesis form leaves of a plant to other parts of the plant
What is the process that the phloem cell does called?
Translocation
What is the sugar used for?
Release energy for the plant or is stored as starch in cells or in structures suck as the roots of vegetables
Name an adaptation of phloem cell
They have fewer organelles to allow the sugar to travel easily
What is translocation?
Movement of sugars made in photosynthesis form leaves of the plant
What is cell differentiation?
After generalised cells are formed they become specialised as an organism develops this is called cell differentiation
