Animal And Plant Cells Flashcards
What type of DNA structure is only present in prokaryotes?
Single loop of DNA
Describe the function of ribosomes.
Site of protein synthesis
Why do some scientists think that prokaryotic cells evolved?
What are the two main types of cells mentioned?
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic
What is the general structure of a typical animal cell?
Mitochondrion, cell membrane, ribosome, nucleus, cytoplasm
What is diffusion?
The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
What is an organelle?
A part of a cell with a specific function
What is a chromosome?
Structure containing DNA, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
What is a mitochondrion?
A small cell organelle where respiration occurs, found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
What components do animal cells and bacterial cells have in common?
Cytoplasm and ribosomes
What controls what substances go in and out of animal cells?
Cell membrane
How do glucose and oxygen enter animal cells?
By diffusion or transported from the blood
What happens to carbon dioxide in animal cells?
Moves back into the blood capillaries through the membrane
Why do more active cells have more mitochondria?
They need more energy
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
Controls the activities of the cell and contains genetic material
What are typical components of a generalized plant cell?
Mitochondrion, cytoplasm, vacuole, chloroplast, ribosome, cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus
True or False: Animal cells have cell walls.
False
Fill in the blank: The cytoplasm of animal cells is mainly _______.
Water
How does the surface area of mitochondria contribute to its function?
Folds increase the rate at which energy is released
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
Presence of a nucleus
What is photosynthesis?
A chemical reaction that occurs in the chloroplasts of plants and algae and stores energy in glucose.
What does turgid describe?
Swollen cells.
What organelles are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Chloroplasts and cell wall.
What is the function of chloroplasts?
They absorb light energy for photosynthesis.
What pigment is found in chloroplasts?
Chlorophyll.
What does photosynthesis convert?
Carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells?
Provides structure and support.
What is the composition of the cell wall?
Cellulose.
What is the function of the permanent vacuole in plant cells?
It keeps the cell turgid by pressing the cytoplasm against the cell wall.
What is found in the cell sap of the vacuole?
Water, dissolved sugars, and mineral ions.
How many chloroplasts can be found in a square millimetre of leaf?
Well over half a million.
What must be done before observing plant cells under a microscope?
Place a drop of iodine onto the tissue.
What type of microscope is used to examine plant and animal cells?
Light microscope.
Fill in the blank: The cell membrane is found inside the _______.
cell wall.
True or False: Animal cells have a cell wall.
False.
What is the purpose of using methylene blue when examining animal cells?
To stain the cells for better visibility.
What safety equipment should be worn when examining animal cells?
Eye protection.
What process is described in Method 1 for observing cells?
Using a light microscope to examine and label a selection of plant and animal cells.
What happens if bubbles form when lowering the cover slip?
It may affect the clarity of the observation.
