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Cell Resperation Flashcards

1
Q

what type of organisms trap sunlight and store it in carbohydrates?

A

photoautrophs

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2
Q

What organisms break down carbohydrates to release energy from cells?

A

All cells

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3
Q

what is the main energy currency of a cell?

A

ATP

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4
Q

Define cellular respiration

A

glucose C6H12O6 + 6O2-> 6CO2+6H2O + Energy (36 ATP)
A biochemical pathway that uses carbohydrates to produce energy

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5
Q

What process begins cellular respiration and does it produce ATP?

A

glycolysis
2 net ATP

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6
Q

If there are no oxygen in cells, the products of glycolysis enter________
pathways that yield no additional _______

A

anaerobic or fermentation

ATP

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7
Q

Fermentation is ___________ because no oxygen is used

A

anaerobic cellular respiration

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8
Q

If oxygen is present in cells the glycolysis enter the ________ respiration pathways

A

aerobic

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9
Q

Does aerobic respiration produce much ATP

A

yes 36-38 theoretically

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10
Q

What simple sugar starts glycolysis?

A

Glucose

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11
Q

In glycolysis, glucose is broken into 2 molecules of ________ acid in the ____— of the cell

A
  1. Pyruvate.
  2. Cytoplasm.
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12
Q

In which part of the cell does fermentation occur? Is oxygen involved?

A

In the cytoplasm and no oxygen is involved

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13
Q

what are the 2 types of fermentation?

A

Lactic acid and Ethanol fermentation

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14
Q

What effect does lactic acid have on muscles?

A

Stiff and sore it also provides evidence of anaerobic respiration

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15
Q

Yeasts carry out what type of fermentation?

A

Alcohol

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16
Q

What alcohol is made in alcoholic fermentation?

A

ethanol

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17
Q

Aerobic respiration requires what gas?

A

Oxygen

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18
Q

How much more ATP does aerobic respiration produce than glycolysis alone?

A

Glycolysis produces only two ATP and aerobic respiration outside of glycolysis produces 34 ATP

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19
Q

Name and summarize 4 major stages of aerobic respiration.

A

glycolysis - the splitting sugar

pyruvate oxidation - when oxygen is available pyruvate enters the matrix of the mitochondria and then converts into acetyl CoA

kreb cycle
Converting a four carbon string molecule and combining it with aceta a to reduce NAD+ FAD+ ADP to 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 and 1 ATP her one term of the crib cycle

Electron Transport chain used NADH and FADH2 as electron transporters which allows chemo osmosis to occur and the production of ATP through the ATP synthase.

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20
Q

What is completed in the krebs cycle?

A

Reduction of both NADH and FADH2 as well as the release of CO2 and water as well as the reduction of the NAD and FAD across the concentration gradient in the age of basic days

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21
Q

The energy carrier NAD+ is reduced to what substance

A

NADH

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22
Q

Which part of aerobic respiration makes most of the ATP ( cells energy )?
where do these reactions take place in the cell

A

electron transport chain
Anaerobic is glycolysis in the cytoplasm and aerobic is in the Krebs cycle and electron transport train

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23
Q

What is the mitochondrial matrix and what product of glycolysis diffuse into this matrix

A

The mitochondrial matrix is a fluid filled area ofthe mitochondrial interior into which pyruvateis passively transported by diffuse

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24
Q

what is found inside the mitochondria matrix to help catalyze reactions of the Krebs cycle

A

Enzymes involved with curb cycle

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25
Q

What is acetylene co-A and to what does it combine to?

A

Acetylene cove is the result of two pyruvate and a combining in private pro oxidation, which is then utilized in the crib cycle when it bonds to the four carbon molecule

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26
Q

what is the difference between oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level phosphorylation

A

oxadative phosphorylation is a result of passive like chemosomsis and ETC

Substrate level phosphorylation is based on active from an enzyme like krebs and gylcolsis

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27
Q

49
What do molecules make up starting/ending molecule of the kreb cycle?

A

acetyl CoA and four carbon starting molecule

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28
Q

what three energy molecules are produced during cellular respiration

A

ATP NADH FADH2

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29
Q

Glycolysis spray down what molecule the form two molecules what are they?

A

Glucose breaks down into two pyruvate

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30
Q

what two molecules are used in the electron transport train to create ATP

A

NADH. FADH2

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31
Q

Why is ATP so important?

A

only energy our cells can use

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32
Q

NADH gets oxidized to form

A

NAD+ e- H+

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33
Q

Enzymes break apart FADH2 to form

A

FAD+ e- 2H+

34
Q

what did the electrons do?

A

Get past along to the electron carriers and go down the electoral transport chain, as well as create a concentration gradient with thakoid membrane

35
Q

what are the electrons main function in cellular, respiration and photosynthesis?

A

Help pump hydrogen into membrane space and create a proton gradient

36
Q

Why is O2 needed for cellular respiration?

A

it is the final electron acceptor

37
Q

why is H2O a product of cellular respiration?

A

Oxygen accepts electrons and grabs hydrogen to form water and that’s why we breathe out water

38
Q

how does the chemo osmotic gradient help create ATP to form ADP

A

All the hydrogen want to get into the matrix with a lower concentration and can only get in through the ATP synthesis to produce the ATP

39
Q

Why does the electron become excited in photos system one and photo system two

A

Photons of light absorbed

40
Q

what happens to the electron in photo system two

A

Gets excited by the light energy and goes through the electron transport train

41
Q

Where is the electrons final destination in light dependent reactions?

A

NADP+ to form NADPH

42
Q

What happens to the hydrogen in the light dependent reactions?

A

Pumped across membrane from stroma to thylakoid space

43
Q

How does the chemo osmotic gradient? Create ATP and ATP

A

Uses the energy of the hydrogen flowing through ATP synthesis to phosphorite ATP and P to ATP

44
Q

What energy molecule is produced because of photosystem one

45
Q

why is H2O needed for photosynthesis?

A

Waters electrons will replace electrons loss in photosystem two this process is called photolysis

46
Q

What are the three products of the light reaction?

A

NADPH. ATP and oxygen

47
Q

What is needed to make the products of the light reaction?

A

Sunlight and water

48
Q

What two molecules start the Calvin cycle

A

Carbon dioxide and RUBP

49
Q

how many ATP are produced in the crab cycle per one molecule of glucose

A

Two per glucose one per pyruvate

50
Q

what two products of the Calvin cycle

A

Glucose and RUBP

51
Q

name three product that’s the result of glycolysis

A

NADH ATP pyruvate

52
Q

Glucose molecules may be stored in plants in the form of blank

53
Q

What are the basic rock materials for photosynthesis?

A

Water and carbon dioxide

54
Q

What is the word equation for the process of photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide plus water equals glucose plus water plus oxygen

55
Q

Cellular respiration in a green plant cells is most closely associated with organelles called____

A

Mitochondria

56
Q

A functional difference between animals and green plants is that a green plants are able to

A

synthesize glucose from inorganic compounds

57
Q

what spectrum of light is best absorbed by the pigment chlorophyl during photosynthesis

A

Red and blue light

58
Q

which compounds are produced in human muscle cells as a result of the oxidation of glucose in the absence of oxygen

A

Lactic acid and ATP

59
Q

what are the total number of ATP created during a cellular respiration?

60
Q

which of the following processes produced the most ATP glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation fermentation Krebs cycle

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

61
Q

Alcohol, fermentation and aerobic respiration are similar in that processes

A

Release carbon dioxide

62
Q

insufficient amount of which gas would result in the backup of lactic acid in muscle cells

63
Q

Why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration of glucose?

A

Because it only makes two ATP

64
Q

what are the total number of ATP producing glycolysis?

A

4 ATP total
2 net

65
Q

What would happen if there were no oxygen to act as the final electron acceptor?

A

NADH and FADH2 release their electrons in the system which shut down

66
Q

True or false CO2 is needed for the Krebs cycle

A

false needed for the Calvin cycle and released in the crab cycle

67
Q

what stages of cellular respiration is an NADH produced how many per one glucose

A

2 in glycolysis
Acetyl coe formation 2 NADH
6NADH in crab cycle

68
Q

What is the difference between oxidative phosphorylation and substrate level foxy ation

A

Substrate level phosphorylation is ATP created directly from an enzyme and oxidative is ATP created from the electron transport chain in chemosmosis so it’s passive

69
Q

When is lactic acid fermentation utilized by human?

A

In the absence of oxygen

70
Q

What are the products of lactic acid fermentation?

A

Lactic acid and two ATP

71
Q

what are the products of alcohol fermentation?

A

CO2 and ethanol and two ATP

72
Q

What organisms utilize ethanol fermentation

A

yeast and some bacteria

73
Q

what process occurs in both photosynthesis and cell respiration

A

Chemo osmosis

74
Q

What process uses NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

75
Q

what process begins with the production of acetyl-CoA?

A

The crib cycle
It also means a four carbon molecule

76
Q

Cramps during exercise may be caused by what?

A

Lacked acid fermentation

77
Q

electron transport, chain and chemo osmosis are collectively known as

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

78
Q

what is necessary for oxidative phosphorylation to occur?

79
Q

What are the products of the crib cycle?

A

per 1 glucose
2 ATP
6 NADH
2FADH2

80
Q

How many ATP’s are made during the curb cycle

A

AT P per turn
2 ATP per glucose molecule

81
Q

NADH is equivalent to how many ATP

82
Q

FADH2 is equivalent to how many ATP

Bio 20 (5 decks)

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