Cell Physiology - Cellular Oragenlles Flashcards
Nucleus
DNA storage, surrounded by nuclear envelope contains nucleolus
Epithelial cell
line body surface
nuclear pores
in nuclear envelope, facilitate RNA passage (into cytoplasm), entrance of proteins
nucleolus
site of ribosomal synthesis, and protein components of ribosomes
ribosomes
protein factory (makes RNA into proteins),
free ribosomes
synthesize cytosolic protein
memebrane bound ribosomes
syntheizise membrane bound proteins
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
contains enzymes associated with fatty acid synthesis, stores and releases calcium.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
adhered ribosomes, site of protein synthesis, proteins synth. in lumen go to other organelles (secreted).
golgi apparatus
cellular post office, modified and short proteins arriving from the rough ER, distributes them to other organelles of memebrane.
trans face
exit
cis face
enter
endosomes
delivery system, small membrane bound vesicle, short vesicular traffic
lysosomes
cellular stomach, acidic environment, digestive enzymes
break down: damaged organelles, engulfed bacteria, engulfed debris of dead cells
peroxisomes
cellular reprocessing plant, neutral pH, oxygen consuming enzymes that generate hydrogen peroxide.
break down: fatty acids, detoxification of alcohol
mitochondria
powerhouse of the cell, synthesises ATP
cytoskeleton
provides structural support, changes cell shape, produces cell movment, (acting Filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules)
acting filiment structure
g-actin subunits form polymers of two twisting chains, forming f acting
intermedate filament structure
twisted strands of multiple proteins
microtubules
hollow tubes formed form tubulin subunits
actin filaments
resisting tension, divide cell durning cytokinesis
intermedate filaments
resist tension
microtubules
resits compression,move chromosomes durning mitosis, divide cell durning cytokinesis, important for cell divison
