Cell Physiology - Cellular Oragenlles

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

DNA storage, surrounded by nuclear envelope contains nucleolus

Question 2

Epithelial cell

Answer 2

line body surface

Question 3

nuclear pores

Answer 3

in nuclear envelope, facilitate RNA passage (into cytoplasm), entrance of proteins

Question 4

nucleolus

Answer 4

site of ribosomal synthesis, and protein components of ribosomes

Question 5

ribosomes

Answer 5

protein factory (makes RNA into proteins),

Question 6

free ribosomes

Answer 6

synthesize cytosolic protein

Question 7

memebrane bound ribosomes

Answer 7

syntheizise membrane bound proteins

Question 8

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

contains enzymes associated with fatty acid synthesis, stores and releases calcium.

Question 9

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

adhered ribosomes, site of protein synthesis, proteins synth. in lumen go to other organelles (secreted).

Question 10

golgi apparatus

Answer 10

cellular post office, modified and short proteins arriving from the rough ER, distributes them to other organelles of memebrane.

Question 11

trans face

Answer 11

exit

Question 12

cis face

Answer 12

enter

Question 13

endosomes

Answer 13

delivery system, small membrane bound vesicle, short vesicular traffic

Question 14

lysosomes

Answer 14

cellular stomach, acidic environment, digestive enzymes
break down: damaged organelles, engulfed bacteria, engulfed debris of dead cells

Question 15

peroxisomes

Answer 15

cellular reprocessing plant, neutral pH, oxygen consuming enzymes that generate hydrogen peroxide.
break down: fatty acids, detoxification of alcohol

Question 16

mitochondria

Answer 16

powerhouse of the cell, synthesises ATP

Question 17

cytoskeleton

Answer 17

provides structural support, changes cell shape, produces cell movment, (acting Filaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules)

Question 18

acting filiment structure

Answer 18

g-actin subunits form polymers of two twisting chains, forming f acting

Question 19

intermedate filament structure

Answer 19

twisted strands of multiple proteins

Question 20

microtubules

Answer 20

hollow tubes formed form tubulin subunits

Question 21

actin filaments

Answer 21

resisting tension, divide cell durning cytokinesis

Question 22

intermedate filaments

Answer 22

resist tension

Question 23

microtubules

Answer 23

resits compression,move chromosomes durning mitosis, divide cell durning cytokinesis, important for cell divison