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Physiology Compre > Cell Physiology and Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Cell Physiology and Muscle Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

It divides the body into ECF and ICF compartments

A

Cell Membrane

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2
Q

True or False? The cell membrane contains Many carbohydrates, little Proteins and No water.

A

False. Many Proteins, Little Carbohydrates and No Water

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3
Q

Composition of Cell Membrane ____ % of Proteins

A

55%

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4
Q

Composition of Cell Membrane ____ % of Phospholipids

A

25%

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5
Q

Composition of Cell Membrane ____ % of Cholesterol

A

13%

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6
Q

Composition of Cell Membrane ____ % of Other Lipids

A

4%

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7
Q

Composition of Cell Membrane ____ % of Carbohydrates

A

3%

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8
Q

Cell membrane lets hydrophobic/fat soluble substances to move in or out of the cell membrane with ease according to _________________

A

Concentration Gradient

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9
Q

It has tight attachment using hydrophobic interactions and spans the entire cell membrane

A

Integral Proteins

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10
Q

It has loose attachment using electrostatic interactions and are found in the inner and outer leaflet

A

Peripheral Proteins

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11
Q

In the movement of substances across the cell membrane, Water undergoes what process/transport?

A

Osmosis

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12
Q

In the movement of substances across the cell membrane, Lipid Soluble Substances undergoes what kind of transport?

A

Simple Diffusion

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13
Q

In the movement of substances across the cell membrane, Water Soluble Substances undergoes what transport?

A

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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14
Q

These are disk-shaped like intercellular stapler wires in the epithelium for tight cellular adhesion

A

Desmosomes (Macula Adherens)

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15
Q

These are ring shaped structures that increases surface area for contact on epithelial and endothelial cells

A

Zonula Adherens

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16
Q

These acts as a barrier for the movement of proteins across membranes, It divides the cell into apical and basolateral side

A

Zonula Occludens (Tight Junctions)

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17
Q

These acts as a bridge for sharing small molecules between cells and Rapid intercellular communication

A

Gap Junctions

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18
Q

The low-resistance pathways between myocardial cell that allow for the spread of action potentials are the ___________

A

Gap Junctions

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19
Q

Type of Transport across cell membranes that is from a High Concentration to Low Concentration

A

Simple Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion

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20
Q

Type of Transport across cell membranes that is from a Low Concentration to High Concentration

A

Osmosis
Primary Active Transport
Secondary Active Transport

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21
Q

Always remember pag may ATP sa name PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT na yun okey?

A

Okay

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22
Q

Always remember pag may sodium sa name SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT na yun okey?

A

Okay fo

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23
Q

Solute moves in the same direction

A

Co-Transport

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24
Q

Solute moves in different directions

A

Countertransport

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25
Q

Concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution

A

Osmolarity

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26
Q

Same effective osmotic pressure

A

Isotonic

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27
Q

Higher effective osmotic pressure (Cellular Shrinking)

A

Hypertonic

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28
Q

Lower effective osmotic pressure (Cellular Swelling)

A

Hypotonic

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29
Q

Osmotic Pressure exerted by Proteins

A

Oncotic Pressure/ Colloid Osmotic Pressure

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30
Q

These are Cell membrane integral proteins that permit passage of certain ions

A

Ion Channels

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31
Q

This is a type of Ion Channel that is Opened or Closed by changes in membrane potential

A

Voltage Gated Channels

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32
Q

This is a type of Ion Channel that is Opened or Closed by Hormones or 2nd Messengers

A

Ligand Gated Channels

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33
Q

This is the potential difference generated across a membrane because of a concentration difference of an ion

A

Diffusion Potential

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34
Q

It is established by diffusion potentials resulting from concentration differences of various ions as each attempt to drive the membrane potential towards its equilibrium potential

A

Resting membrane potential

35
Q

This is exhibited by excitable cells that consists of depolarization and repolarization

A

Action Potential

36
Q

What are the Characteristics of a True Action Potential

A

Stereotypical size and shape
Propagating
All or None

37
Q

Opening of Na-Activation Gate (M Gate)

A

Depolarization

38
Q

Opening of Na-Inactivation Gate (H Gate) and Opening of K Gates

A

Repolarization

39
Q

Makes the Membrane Potential more Positive

A

Depolarization

40
Q

Makes the Membrane Potential more Negative

A

Repolarization

41
Q

This is the flow of Positive Charges into the cell causing depolarization

A

Inward Current

42
Q

This is the flow of Positive Charges outside the cell causing repolarization

A

Outward Current

43
Q

Occurs during when action potential in Membrane Potential is > 0 mV

A

Overshoot

44
Q

Occurs during when action potential in Membrane Potential is < Resting Membrane Potential

A

Undershoot

45
Q

These are the unmyelinated parts of the axon that contains the highest concentration of Na+ Channels

A

Nodes of Ranvier

46
Q

This is where the Action Potential is regenerated

A

Nodes of Ranvier

47
Q

The Velocity of conduction of action potentials along nerve will be increased by _________________

A

Myelinating the Nerve

48
Q

Myelin is produced by ______________

A

Schwann cells

49
Q

It is a tissue macrophage that acts as a scavenger cell removing debris resulting from injury, infection and disease

A

Microglia

50
Q

It is a Type of Macroglia that forms myelin in the CNS and PNS

A

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells

51
Q

It is a Type of Macroglia that send processes that envelops synapses and the nerve cells

A

Astrocytes

52
Q

These are Astrocytes that can be found in White Matter

A

Fibrous Astrocytes

53
Q

These are Astrocytes in the Gray Matter with granular cytoplasm and produce substances that are tropic to neurons to help maintain appropriate concentration of Ions and NTs

A

Protoplasmic Astrocytes

54
Q

Synaptic Transmission is Orthodromic (______________)

A

Synapse to Axon

55
Q

This depolarizes the postsynaptic cell and bring it closer to threshold

A

Excitatory Post Synaptic Potentials

56
Q

This Hyperpolarizes postsynaptic cells

A

Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potentials

57
Q

This occurs when stimuli are applied at the same time, but in different areas, with a cumulative effect upon membrane potential.

A

Spatial Summation

58
Q

This involves a single presynaptic neuron rapid-firing signals to a single postsynaptic neuron’s synapse

A

Temporal Summation

59
Q

It is the functional and structural unit of a muscle

A

Sarcomere

60
Q

Contractile unit of Both skeletal and cardiac muscles

A

Sarcomere

61
Q

This contains myosin that acts as cross bridges of the sarcomeres

A

Thick Filament

62
Q

It has 2 pairs of heavy chains and 2 pairs of light chains ( 2 heads 1 tail)

A

Thick Filament

63
Q

This contains actin, tropomyosin and troponin

A

Thin Filament

64
Q

What are the 3 subunits of Troponin?

A

Troponin T
Troponin I
Troponin C

65
Q

This subunit of troponin attaches the troponin to Tropomyosin

A

Troponin T

66
Q

This subunit of troponin Inhibits actin-myosin binding

A

Troponin I

67
Q

This subunit of troponin is a Calcium binding protein

A

Troponin C

68
Q

Length is held Constant while Muscle Contracts. No Muscle Shortening/Lengthening

A

Isometric Contraction

69
Q

Load is held constant while muscle contracts

A

Isotonic Contraction

70
Q

Muscle Shortening

A

Concentric Contraction

71
Q

Muscle Lenghtening

A

Eccentric Contraction

72
Q

In Skeletal Muscle Contraction where is more tension is produced Isometric or Isotonic?

A

Isometric Contraction

73
Q

True or False? Muscle fiber has no refractory period

A

True

74
Q

True or False? Muscle Contraction starts after the action potential and last longer than the action potential

A

False. Muscle contraction STARTS BEFORE THE ACTION POTENTIAL

75
Q

Occurs 3-6 hours after death due to lack of ATP

A

Rigor Mortis

76
Q

This happens when all the Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum has been released. No Further increase in Muscle Strength

A

Tetanus

77
Q
  • Thick Filaments
  • Dark Bands
  • A Bands
A

Myosin

78
Q
  • Thin Filaments
  • Light Bands
  • I Bands
A

Actin

79
Q

Interaction between _____________ and _________ is what causes muscle contraction

A
  1. Cross Bridges
  2. Actin filaments
80
Q

It covers the active sites on an actin filament of arelaxed muscle

A

Troponin-Tropomyosin Complex

81
Q

Type of muscle fiber

  • Extensive Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
  • Less extensive blood supply
  • Fewer mitochondira
A

Fast Muscle Fibers

82
Q

It is a Protein molecule that maintain the side by side relationship between myosin and actin filaments

A

Titin

83
Q

Caused by the interaction of the cross bridges from myosin filaments with actin filaments

A

Sliding filament mechanism

84
Q

Components of Myosin

A
  • 2 Heavy Chains
  • 4 Light Chains

Physiology Compre (3 decks)

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