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Physiology Compre > Cardiovascular Physiology > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not true of the SA Node:
1. Its cell membrane is naturally leaky to sodium ions
2. It has increase potassium leakage and decrease sodium conductance
3.It is capable of self excitation
4. It has the highest rhythmic excitation among the specialised excitatory and conducting system of the heart
5. its depolarization is secondary to calcium influx

A
  1. It has increase potassium leakage and decrease sodium conductance

DECREASE K+ Leakage and INCREASE Na+ conductance

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2
Q

What part of the cardiac cycle is when atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure

A

Rapid Filling

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3
Q

True or False

One of the factors in Blood flow to any organ is blood vessel length

A

True

Blood flow is impeded by friction between blood and the vessel wall. As the length of a vessel increases, the surface area in contact with blood also increases. This leads to greater frictional resistance, ultimately hindering blood flow.

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4
Q

True or False

ECG can show the strength of myocardial contraction

A

False

The ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart muscle as it depolarizes and repolarizes. While electrical activity precedes contraction, the ECG itself cannot directly assess the force or strength of the contraction.

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5
Q

True or False

The P wave is preceded by the systole

A

False

The P wave represents depolarization of the atria and is followed by atrial contraction (systole).

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6
Q

True or False

Presence of H+ brings about vasodilation

A

False

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7
Q

True or False

The heart’s ventricular muscle is directly stimulated by Purkinje fibers

A

False

While Purkinje fibers are essential for ventricular function, they act as conductors, not direct stimulators.

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8
Q

True or False

Increased cardiac contractility will cause a decrease in end systolic volume (ESV)

A

True

This stronger contraction allows the ventricles to squeeze more blood out during systole (contraction phase), leaving less blood behind in the ventricle at the end of systole.

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9
Q

True or False

Intraventricular pressure is increasing during Isovolumic contraction

A

False

The key characteristic of isovolumic contraction is the increase in pressure without a change in volume. This pressurization prepares the ventricles for forceful ejection of blood in the subsequent phase of systole.

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10
Q

It is the fastest specialized excitatory and conducting system of the heart

A

Purkinje Fibers

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11
Q

Central Venous Pressure is increased by:

A

Decreasing Heart Rate

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12
Q

True or False

Decreasing peripheral resistance can increase stroke volume

A

True

Decreasing peripheral resistance can be a contributing factor to an increase in stroke volume, particularly due to the enhanced venous return and the Frank-Starling mechanism.

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13
Q

In which area of the cardiovascular system where blood flow velocity is least?

A

Capillaries

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14
Q

In which area of the cardiovascular system where blood flow velocity is greatest?

A

Arteries closest to the heart, specifically the aorta and large arteries branching from it.

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15
Q

The first heart sound is best heard at the

A

5th ICS LMCL

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16
Q

The flow of impulses in the heart conduction system

A

SA Node–Internodal Tracts–AV Node–AV bundle–Bundle Branches–Purkinje Fibers

17
Q

The heart murmur that is heard in systole is

A

Mitral Regurgitation

18
Q

True or False

There is increased reabsorption of sodium and water in Acute Hypotension

A

False

19
Q

The _________ has the slowest conduction velocity

A

AV Node

20
Q

It mediates impulse conduction
between the atria and the ventricles

A

AV node

20
Q

The SA node is the pacemaker of the heart because

A

It has the greatest intrinsic impulse
generation

21
Q

Which of the following will increase cardiac output?
a. Increase afterload
b. Increase ESV
c. Increase venous return
d. Vasodilation
e. None of the above

A

C. Increase Venous Return

When more blood returns to the heart from the veins (increased venous return), the ventricles have more blood to fill during diastole (relaxation phase). This increased filling stretches the cardiac muscle fibers, leading to a stronger contraction in the subsequent systole (contraction phase) according to the Frank-Starling mechanism. This stronger contraction translates to a larger volume of blood being ejected with each beat, thus increasing stroke volume (SV) and consequently, cardiac output (CO).

22
Q

Which part of the ECG preceeds isovolumic relxation

A

T wave

The T wave marks the end of ventricular repolarization, which signifies the end of electrical activity associated with ventricular contraction and the beginning of electrical recovery for the next cycle. Isovolumic relaxation follows ventricular repolarization and coincides with the descending limb of the T wave on the ECG.

23
Q

It represents ventricular muscle depolarization

A

QRS complex

24
Q

It is prolonged in the presence of bundle branch blockade

A

QRS complex

25
Q

It is normally less than 40msec in duration

A

T wave

26
Q

. Period where ventricular pressure is greatest

A

Ejection phase

27
Q

Period where atrial pressure is greatest

A

Atrial systole

28
Q

. Period where the semilunar valves are open

A

Ejection phase

29
Q

In which part of the cardiac cycle will the aortic pressure be lower than the atrioventricular

A

Ejection Phase

30
Q

An important ECG Finding in Acute MI is

A

ST Elevation

31
Q

Which of the following ECG
waveforms is influenced by the
conduction velocity through the AV
node?

A

PR interval

The PR interval is influenced by the
conduction velocity through the AV
node.

32
Q

Which of the blood vessels
provide the highest resistance in the
cardiovascular system

A

Arterioles

33
Q

Contains the highest proportion of
blood in the CV system

A

Veins

34
Q

It dilates Afferent Arterioles

A

Prostaglandin

35
Q

It constricts efferent arterioles

A

angiotensin II

Physiology Compre (3 decks)

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