Cell Physiology (AI)

Question 1

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

Answer 1

To protect the cell and regulate what enters and exits.

Question 2

True or False: The cell membrane is a rigid structure.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The cell membrane is primarily composed of __________.

Answer 3

phospholipids

Question 4

What model describes the structure of the cell membrane?

Answer 4

Fluid mosaic model

Question 5

What are the two main components of phospholipids?

Answer 5

Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails

Question 6

Which type of proteins are embedded in the lipid bilayer?

Answer 6

Integral proteins

Question 7

True or False: Cholesterol is found in the cell membrane.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Answer 8

To maintain membrane fluidity and stability.

Question 9

What type of transport requires energy to move substances across the membrane?

Answer 9

Active transport

Question 10

Fill in the blank: __________ transport does not require energy.

Answer 10

Passive

Question 11

What is the process called when a cell takes in large particles?

Answer 11

Phagocytosis

Question 12

Which component of the membrane facilitates cell recognition?

Answer 12

Glycoproteins

Question 13

What is the primary function of membrane proteins?

Answer 13

Transport, signaling, and structural support.

Question 14

What is osmosis?

Answer 14

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 15

True or False: The cell membrane is impermeable to all substances.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What are the differences between channel proteins and carrier proteins?

Answer 16

Channel proteins provide a passageway for ions, while carrier proteins change shape to transport substances.

Question 17

What is the main characteristic of a selectively permeable membrane?

Answer 17

It allows certain molecules to pass while blocking others.

Question 18

What is the role of aquaporins in the cell membrane?

Answer 18

To facilitate the transport of water.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: __________ is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Answer 19

Diffusion

Question 20

What is the term for the balance of solute concentrations across a membrane?

Answer 20

Equilibrium

Question 21

What is the difference between hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions?

Answer 21

Hypertonic has higher solute concentration, hypotonic has lower, isotonic has equal.

Question 22

True or False: Membrane fluidity can be affected by temperature.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 23

The process of passive transport aided by proteins.

Question 24

What role do receptor proteins play in the cell membrane?

Answer 24

They bind to signaling molecules and initiate a response.

Question 25

What is endocytosis?

Answer 25

The process by which cells engulf substances from the outside environment.

Question 26

Fill in the blank: The __________ serves as a barrier to protect the internal environment of the cell.

Answer 26

cell membrane

Question 27

What is the significance of membrane potential?

Answer 27

It is crucial for the function of nerve and muscle cells.

Question 28

What are lipid rafts?

Answer 28

Microdomains in the membrane that organize proteins and lipids.

Question 29

What type of molecules can easily pass through the lipid bilayer?

Answer 29

Small nonpolar molecules.

Question 30

True or False: All membrane proteins are mobile within the lipid bilayer.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

What is the main purpose of exocytosis?

Answer 31

To release substances from the cell.

Question 32

What is the role of surface carbohydrates in the cell membrane?

Answer 32

They are involved in cell recognition and signaling.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The __________ provides structural support to the cell membrane.

Answer 33

cytoskeleton

Question 34

What is a concentration gradient?

Answer 34

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a space.

Question 35

What is the role of transport proteins?

Answer 35

To assist in the movement of substances across the membrane.

Question 36

What does the term 'permeability' refer to in the context of membranes?

Answer 36

The ability of a membrane to allow substances to pass through.

Question 37

True or False: The lipid bilayer is symmetrical.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

What is the function of integrins in the cell membrane?

Answer 38

To connect the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton.

Question 39

What is the main component of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 39

Proteins and carbohydrates.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: __________ proteins span the entire membrane and are involved in transport.

Answer 40

Transmembrane

Question 41

What is the function of peripheral proteins?

Answer 41

To provide structural support and assist in signaling.

Question 42

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 42

It shrinks due to water leaving the cell.

Question 43

What is the role of signal transduction in cell membranes?

Answer 43

To convert external signals into cellular responses.

Question 44

What type of transport involves vesicles?

Answer 44

Bulk transport

Question 45

True or False: Membrane proteins can only perform one function.

Answer 45

False

Question 46

What is the significance of the glycocalyx?

Answer 46

It protects the cell and aids in cell recognition.

Question 47

What is passive transport?

Answer 47

The movement of molecules across a membrane without energy input.

Question 48

Fill in the blank: The __________ model describes the dynamic nature of the cell membrane.

Answer 48

fluid mosaic