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Biology Year 13 > Cell Physiology (AI) > Flashcards

Cell Physiology (AI) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

A

To protect the cell and regulate what enters and exits.

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2
Q

True or False: The cell membrane is a rigid structure.

A

False

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The cell membrane is primarily composed of __________.

A

phospholipids

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4
Q

What model describes the structure of the cell membrane?

A

Fluid mosaic model

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5
Q

What are the two main components of phospholipids?

A

Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails

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6
Q

Which type of proteins are embedded in the lipid bilayer?

A

Integral proteins

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7
Q

True or False: Cholesterol is found in the cell membrane.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

A

To maintain membrane fluidity and stability.

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9
Q

What type of transport requires energy to move substances across the membrane?

A

Active transport

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ transport does not require energy.

A

Passive

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11
Q

What is the process called when a cell takes in large particles?

A

Phagocytosis

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12
Q

Which component of the membrane facilitates cell recognition?

A

Glycoproteins

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13
Q

What is the primary function of membrane proteins?

A

Transport, signaling, and structural support.

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14
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

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15
Q

True or False: The cell membrane is impermeable to all substances.

A

False

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16
Q

What are the differences between channel proteins and carrier proteins?

A

Channel proteins provide a passageway for ions, while carrier proteins change shape to transport substances.

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17
Q

What is the main characteristic of a selectively permeable membrane?

A

It allows certain molecules to pass while blocking others.

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18
Q

What is the role of aquaporins in the cell membrane?

A

To facilitate the transport of water.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

A

Diffusion

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20
Q

What is the term for the balance of solute concentrations across a membrane?

A

Equilibrium

21
Q

What is the difference between hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions?

A

Hypertonic has higher solute concentration, hypotonic has lower, isotonic has equal.

22
Q

True or False: Membrane fluidity can be affected by temperature.

A

True

23
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

The process of passive transport aided by proteins.

24
Q

What role do receptor proteins play in the cell membrane?

A

They bind to signaling molecules and initiate a response.

25
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

The process by which cells engulf substances from the outside environment.

26
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ serves as a barrier to protect the internal environment of the cell.

A

cell membrane

27
Q

What is the significance of membrane potential?

A

It is crucial for the function of nerve and muscle cells.

28
Q

What are lipid rafts?

A

Microdomains in the membrane that organize proteins and lipids.

29
Q

What type of molecules can easily pass through the lipid bilayer?

A

Small nonpolar molecules.

30
Q

True or False: All membrane proteins are mobile within the lipid bilayer.

A

False

31
Q

What is the main purpose of exocytosis?

A

To release substances from the cell.

32
Q

What is the role of surface carbohydrates in the cell membrane?

A

They are involved in cell recognition and signaling.

33
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ provides structural support to the cell membrane.

A

cytoskeleton

34
Q

What is a concentration gradient?

A

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a space.

35
Q

What is the role of transport proteins?

A

To assist in the movement of substances across the membrane.

36
Q

What does the term ‘permeability’ refer to in the context of membranes?

A

The ability of a membrane to allow substances to pass through.

37
Q

True or False: The lipid bilayer is symmetrical.

A

False

38
Q

What is the function of integrins in the cell membrane?

A

To connect the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton.

39
Q

What is the main component of the extracellular matrix?

A

Proteins and carbohydrates.

40
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ proteins span the entire membrane and are involved in transport.

A

Transmembrane

41
Q

What is the function of peripheral proteins?

A

To provide structural support and assist in signaling.

42
Q

What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

A

It shrinks due to water leaving the cell.

43
Q

What is the role of signal transduction in cell membranes?

A

To convert external signals into cellular responses.

44
Q

What type of transport involves vesicles?

A

Bulk transport

45
Q

True or False: Membrane proteins can only perform one function.

A

False

46
Q

What is the significance of the glycocalyx?

A

It protects the cell and aids in cell recognition.

47
Q

What is passive transport?

A

The movement of molecules across a membrane without energy input.

48
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ model describes the dynamic nature of the cell membrane.

A

fluid mosaic

Biology Year 13 (10 decks)

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