Cell Physiology 2

Question 1

What is protein synthesis

Answer 1

builds protein channels and carriers in cell membrane

Question 2

What does ATP metabolism and cellular respiration do

Answer 2

provide energy needed for cellular processes

Question 3

What are cells

Answer 3

building blocks of body

Question 4

What is metabolism

Answer 4

chemical processes in body performed by cells

Question 5

what is Anabolism

Answer 5

building of molecules

Question 6

What are Catabolism

Answer 6

breakdown of molecules

Question 7

What is considered a proteins

Answer 7

enzymes, hormons, structural components of cells

Question 8

The process of Protein Syntheis involves

Answer 8

1. DNA Transcription : DNA template is copied into mRNA (messenger)
2. mRNA Translantion : turns into proteins

Question 9

Steps for DNA Transcription

Answer 9

1. Dna uncoils at site of gene expose to gene base seq
2. RNA strand is formed using the code on DNA template by replacing with complementary RNA nucleotides

DNA: ATCGCA
RNA:UAGCGU ( RNA uses Uracil)

Question 10

Steps for mRNA translation

Answer 10

1. mRNA associates with ribosomes
2. transfer RNA (tRNA) with complimentary bases on codon binds to matching RNA
3. peptide bonds is formed to attach aa to growing peptide chain

Question 11

What happens after Translation

Answer 11

1. proteins produced on free ribosomes are released into cytosol, nucleus or mitchondria

Question 12

Proteins produced by ribosomes on the RER are released into

Answer 12

1. the lumen where it is modified by adding sugar (glycoproteins) and send to
2. Golgi Complex in vesicles where it is modified by :
   a) carbohydrate changes or additions (address)

b) lipid additions

Question 13

Where do the modified proteins from RER go to once it has been modified

Answer 13

they are packaged (vesicles) and sent to their destination ( cell membrane, secretion or lysosomes)

Question 14

What are lysosomes

Answer 14

They are membrane bound organelles containing digestive enzymes ( acid enviro)

Question 15

important facts about enzymes ( end in ase)

Answer 15

1. all enzymes are proteins and can be made my protein syntheis ( make more or less enzymes)
2. increases reaction rates but not used in reaction
3. Very sensitive to pH and temperature ( affects their shape which is critical to their function

Question 16

What is ATP

Answer 16

breakdown of Adenosine Triphopshate to released energy

Question 17

What parts are involved in ATP

Answer 17

adenine + ribose(adenosine) + 3 phosphates

Question 18

How does ATP release energy

Answer 18

energy is in phosphate bond so when we break a phosphate bond, it give us energy to used for reactions

Question 19

Why does body has to continusly make ATP

Answer 19

little ATP is stored in body

Question 20

What is cellular respiration

Answer 20

it is the production of ATP using Glucose

Question 21

How does Cellular respiration work

Answer 21

1. glucose enter cell by carrier
2. glucose transport can be increased by action of insulin

Question 22

When is glucose not using carrier mediated faciliated diffusion

Answer 22

exceptions are for cell of the small intestine or kidney which uses seconday active transport

Question 23

overall results of Cellular Respiration

Answer 23

1 glucose ( C6H12O6) + 6 O2 => 6H20 + 32(max) ATP + heat

Question 24

Steps of cellular respiration

Answer 24

1. Glycolysis ( anaerobic = no oxygen req) in cytosol
2. enters mitchondria - become aerobic (req oxygen)

3.Krebs cycle

4. Electron Transport Chain

Question 25

What substrates in the body can be used to produce ATP

Answer 25

1. Carbohydrates: form glucose 2. Proteins: become pyruvic acid or enter kreb cycle = create glucose or ATP 3. Fats: store energy in body -> broken down int acety CoA => ATP