Cell Physiology

Question 1

Characteristics of cells

Answer 1

Basic unit of structure and function of the body 
Over 100 trillion cells in the body 
10^-5 in diameter 
Highly organized 
Variety of shapes and sizes 
Each type of cell has a special function

Question 2

Shared cell characteristics

Answer 2

1. General cell structure and components
2. General mechanism for changing nutrients to ENERGY
3. deliver end product into their surrounding fluid
4. Almost all have the ability to reproduce

Question 3

Principle parts of a cell

Answer 3

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm and organelles
Nucleus

Question 4

Plasma membrane Structure and function

Answer 4

Structure: Membrane composed of double layer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded.

Function: Surrounds, holds cell together abs gives it’s form; controls passage of materials into abs out of cell

Question 5

Cytoplasm structure and function

Answer 5

Structure: Fluid, jellylike substance b/w cell membrane and nucleus in which organelles are suspended

Function: Serves as matrix substance in which chemical reactions occur

Question 6

Nuclear envelop structure and function

Answer 6

Structure: Double-layered membrane that surrounds nucleus, composed of protein and lipid molecules

Function: supports the nucleus and controls passage of materials b/w the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Question 7

Nucleolus structure and function

Answer 7

Structure: Dense non-membranous mass of protein and RNA molecules

Function: Produces ribosomal RNA for ribosomes

Question 8

Chromatin structure and function

Answer 8

Structure: fibrous strands composed of protein and DNA

Function: Contains genetic code that determines which proteins (including enzymes) will be Maura tire by the cell

Question 9

Characteristics of plasma membrane

Answer 9

7.5 nanometers thick
Fluid plasma membrane
Selectively permeable
Participates in intracellular communication

Question 10

Composition of plasma membrane

Answer 10

Double layer of phospholipids (hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts)
Proteins
Negatively charged carbohydrates Attah to the outer surface
Glycoproteins
Glycolipids

Question 11

% composition of cell membrane

Answer 11

55% protein
41% lipids (25% phospholipids, 12% lipids and 4% glycolipids)
3% carbohydrates

Question 12

Types of phospholipids

Answer 12

Phosphophatidyl-Choline

Phosphophatidyl-ethanolamine

Question 13

Phospholipid structure

Answer 13

1. Glycerol head (contains phosphate group) - polar & hydrophilic
2. 2 Fatty acid tails - non-polar & hydrophobic

Question 14

Integral proteins (internal or intrinsic)

Answer 14

• Span the membrane
• transport proteins
• provide structural channels or pores

Question 15

Peripheral (external and extrinsic)

Answer 15

• embedded in one side (face) of the membrane
• carrier proteins
• bind with substances to be transported
• include hormones, receptors and cell surface antigens.